{"id":9221,"date":"2018-03-22T08:34:13","date_gmt":"2018-03-22T01:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=9221"},"modified":"2018-04-13T16:01:16","modified_gmt":"2018-04-13T09:01:16","slug":"cac-nha-khoa-hoc-theo-doi-cach-nuoc-chuyen-tu-dang-long-sang-dang-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cac-nha-khoa-hoc-theo-doi-cach-nuoc-chuyen-tu-dang-long-sang-dang-long\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng sang … d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 H2<\/sub>0 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u00ec d\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng khi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecfng, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh cao m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u cao. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c cao nh\u1ea5t khi \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m 4 \u0111\u1ed9 C cao h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb l\u1ecfng th\u00e0nh r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t pha th\u00eam nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c \u0111i, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc sang … n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi khi\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc lao v\u00e0o tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

“\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i<\/i>“, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 C. Austen Angell t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bang Arizona n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Gizmodo nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 k\u00ec l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111ang trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh (supercool – tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng). Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u1eefa hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Angell v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00ean hydrazinium trifluoroacetate, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tinh th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, ng\u0103n n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u0103ng. Khi h\u1ecd n\u00e2ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ecd quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1c -83 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0y, k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, cho ta b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng sang d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n khi b\u1ecb nung ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn sang d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

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N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha v\u1edbi hydrazinium trifluoroacetate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a hydrazinium trifluoroacetate n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p sang d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c cao v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00f4i. N\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 ta v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng xung quanh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u00e2m quanh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy, khi\u1ebfn cho khi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kia, th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro”. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (n\u01b0\u1edbc) thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y h\u1ebft l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i n\u00f3. “C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng<\/i>“, Federica Coppari, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Lawrence Livermore, California n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, … l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0 n\u00eau ra. Nh\u01b0ng suy cho c\u00f9ng, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 H2<\/sub>O m\u00e0 ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n

ngu\u1ed3n genK.vn<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 H20 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a ra n\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u00ec d\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0ng khi x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecfng, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh cao m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u cao. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":9222,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9221"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9719,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9221\/revisions\/9719"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}