{"id":7783,"date":"2017-10-05T00:40:17","date_gmt":"2017-10-04T17:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=7783"},"modified":"2017-12-04T00:41:03","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T17:41:03","slug":"giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-nam-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-nam-2017\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 4\/10\/2017, Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2017 cho GS Jacques Dubochet (sinh n\u0103m 1942, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), GS Joachim Frank (sinh n\u0103m 1940, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 TS Richard Henderson (sinh n\u0103m 1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland) v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cryo \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc trong dung d\u1ecbch”.<\/p>\n

\"alt\"<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3n vi m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong>
\nCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan trong trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cryo gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc.
\nH\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a sinh t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0 K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed cryo \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u00a0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.
\nK\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00f9m electron m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1990, TS Richard Henderson \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t protein \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.
\nGS Joachim Frank \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1986, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hai chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.
\nGS Jacques Dubochet \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ra. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, GS Dubochet \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc – \u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng xung quanh m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.
\nSau nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sinh h\u1ecdc. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00e1c protein g\u00e2y kh\u00e1ng kh\u00e1ng sinh t\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a virus Zika. H\u00f3a sinh hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\u0110inh Quang (theo nobelprize.org)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y 4\/10\/2017, Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2017 cho GS Jacques Dubochet (sinh n\u0103m 1942, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), GS Joachim Frank (sinh n\u0103m 1940, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 TS Richard Henderson (sinh n\u0103m 1945, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland) v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 “ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7783"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7783\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7784,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7783\/revisions\/7784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}