{"id":7771,"date":"2017-10-03T00:33:02","date_gmt":"2017-10-02T17:33:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=7771"},"modified":"2017-12-04T00:33:42","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T17:33:42","slug":"he-thong-nang-luong-mat-troi-co-the-tai-sinh-nhien-lieu-co2-lam-ethanol-va-ethylene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/he-thong-nang-luong-mat-troi-co-the-tai-sinh-nhien-lieu-co2-lam-ethanol-va-ethylene\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u CO2 l\u00e0m ethanol v\u00e0 ethylene"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"alt\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Lawrence Berkeley thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i CO2<\/sub>\u00a0th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc CO2<\/sub>\u00a0v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cacbon monoxit ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p cacbon monoxit v\u00e0 hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub>\u00a0t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ethanol v\u00e0 ethylene. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc – quang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi khi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Joel Ager – Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Berkeley, cho bi\u1ebft: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Khi m\u1ee9c kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub>\u00a0trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (JCAP), Trung t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DOE th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng Berkeley Lab c\u1ee7a JCAP.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u JCAP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m CO2<\/sub>\u00a0do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho vi\u1ec7c chia t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp theo trong quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau trong ng\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 1kW\/m2<\/sup>, (1-sun illumination) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng. Ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n silic, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1eeb 3-4% cho m\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 0,35 \u0111\u1ebfn 1 kW\/m2<\/sup>. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i song song mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hydrocarbon v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5% \u1edf m\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng 1 kW\/m2<\/sup>. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ef1c nanocoral b\u1ea1c – m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2<\/sub>\u00a0th\u00e0nh hydrocarbon v\u00e0 oxy ho\u00e1, v\u00e0 an\u00f4t nano iridium oxide, l\u00e0m oxy h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra oxy. Joel Ager cho bi\u1ebft: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nanocoral gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong cathode bimetal. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m CO2<\/sub>th\u00e0nh cacbon monoxit, trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m cacbon monoxit v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 hydrocarbon v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u.<\/p>\n

Gurudayal, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Berkeley, cho bi\u1ebft: V\u00ec CO2<\/sub>\u00a0l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3m CO2<\/sub>\u00a0xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a hydrocacbon nh\u01b0 ethanol ho\u1eb7c ethylene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 thi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong khi duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH trung h\u00f2a. V\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c an\u00f4t \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec1m v\u00ec an\u00f4t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng pH cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a CO2<\/sub>. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trung h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh an\u00f4t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nano iridium oxide tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t oxit k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf JCAP cho bi\u1ebft: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed CO2\u00a0<\/sub>hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m CO2\u00a0<\/sub>ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(Vista)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Lawrence Berkeley thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i CO2\u00a0th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7772,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7771\/revisions\/7772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}