{"id":7749,"date":"2017-10-30T00:14:01","date_gmt":"2017-10-29T17:14:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=7749"},"modified":"2017-12-04T00:14:31","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T17:14:31","slug":"phuong-thuc-moi-khai-thac-khi-metan-thai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/phuong-thuc-moi-khai-thac-khi-metan-thai\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed m\u00eatan th\u1ea3i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"alt\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed m\u00eatan th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed m\u00eatan l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c thu kh\u00ed m\u00eatan tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00ed m\u00eatan th\u00f4ng qua quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 flaring v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m th\u1ea3i ra 150 t\u1ef7 m3<\/sup>\u00a0kh\u00ed m\u00eatan v\u00e0 400 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2<\/sub>, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn g\u00e2y n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed kh\u00ed m\u00eatan ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec m\u00eatan c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n CO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ebfng d\u1ea7u n\u01a1i kh\u00ed m\u00eatan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf; kh\u00ed m\u00eatan ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, m\u00eatan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p kh\u00ed, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed. \u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e0n khoan ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u \u1edf xa kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay, GS h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Yogesh Surendranath v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00eatan th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t metanol – ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00eatan v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m xa v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed m\u00eatan l\u1edbn b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed m\u00eatan th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trung gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuabin gi\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed m\u00eatan t\u1eeb xa n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00eatan.<\/p>\n

M\u00eatan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn “\u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c”. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u00eatan th\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u Bakken \u1edf B\u1eafc Dakota, s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn do m\u00eatan ch\u00e1y. Theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00eatan ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 1\/5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

Theo GS Surendranath, khi kh\u00ed m\u00eatan ch\u00e1y thay v\u00ec ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, “b\u1ea1n \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111ang g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng”. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed m\u00eatan v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa “l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua”. M\u00eatan kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 do li\u00ean k\u1ebft cacbon-hydro trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00eatan ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

(Vista)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts (MIT) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kh\u00ed m\u00eatan th\u1ea3i. Kh\u00ed m\u00eatan l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c thu kh\u00ed m\u00eatan tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7749"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7750,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749\/revisions\/7750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}