{"id":7657,"date":"2017-10-13T09:53:31","date_gmt":"2017-10-13T02:53:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=7657"},"modified":"2017-11-30T09:56:23","modified_gmt":"2017-11-30T02:56:23","slug":"bui-ma-thuat-co-the-la-nen-tang-cho-sieu-may-tinh-trong-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/bui-ma-thuat-co-the-la-nen-tang-cho-sieu-may-tinh-trong-tuong-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cB\u1ee5i ma thu\u1eadt\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eeba t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ee5i ma thu\u1eadt’ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 polariton.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0h\u1ea1t polariton<\/strong>\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Pavlos Lagoudakis thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Southampton \u1edf Anh, cho bi\u1ebft:\u00a0“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a polariton \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m giao \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng vi m\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng”.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

\"B\u1ee5i
\nB\u1ee5i ma thu\u1eadt – n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi cho si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. (\u1ea2nh: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Cambridge).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gai g\u00f3c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c thung l\u0169ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i b\u1ed9 l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111i b\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u00e1c polariton l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi: ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t \u2013 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian loanh quanh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ea1o ra polariton b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng laser v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, bao g\u1ed3m gallium, asen, indium v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c electron h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e0u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c polariton.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c electron v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0quasiparticle\u00a0<\/strong>m\u1edbi (m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c – c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngo\u00e0i ra x\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quasiparticle c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed – m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Polariton nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n electron 10.000 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 co c\u1ee5m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nhau (l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ea1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 Bose-Einstein<\/strong>). V\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c polariton nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t polariton v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh XY<\/strong>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m polariton khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u00e0 n\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u0129 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – \u00f4ng Natalia Berloff thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge \u1edf Anh n\u00f3i:\u00a0“C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ba t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i: c\u00f3 ai l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean Nature Materials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Theo khampha<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eeba t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cb\u1ee5i ma thu\u1eadt’ \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 polariton. C\u00e1c\u00a0h\u1ea1t polariton\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 v\u1eadt […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":7658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7657"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7660,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7657\/revisions\/7660"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}