{"id":5983,"date":"2017-07-25T19:12:58","date_gmt":"2017-07-25T12:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5983"},"modified":"2017-10-03T10:15:43","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T03:15:43","slug":"phat-hien-hat-thien-than-sau-80-nam-tim-kiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/phat-hien-hat-thien-than-sau-80-nam-tim-kiem\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ‘h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n’ sau 80 n\u0103m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n”, lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n” t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u1ea2nh: spgirolamo.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, M\u1ef9, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n”, lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, New Atlas h\u00f4m 20\/7 \u0111\u01b0a tin.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t, lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00e1i d\u1ea5u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1937 khi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Italy Ettore Majorana ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u1ed7 khuy\u1ebft trong d\u00f2ng h\u1ea1t fermion (h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t). C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, electron, neutron, neutrino and quark \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t fermion v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Majorana, c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t Majorana.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ea1t Majorana, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn d\u00ednh hai t\u1ea5m phim m\u1ecfng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb hai v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n topo si\u00eau d\u1eabn (topological l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng). T\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p electron di chuy\u1ec3n nhanh d\u1ecdc theo m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y qua trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea3i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb, d\u00f2ng electron ch\u1ea3y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecdc m\u00e9p b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u00e9p b\u00ean kia. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd r\u00e0 nam ch\u00e2m qua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 electron di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o h\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u theo t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi electron. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 khi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u, gi\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi electron, b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t Majorana.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi l\u00e0 “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n”, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 bom k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00c1c qu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Dan Brown. Theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Shoucheng Zhang \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai xa, h\u1ea1t Majorana c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau nhanh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science h\u00f4m 21\/1.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Zhang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t Majorana, theo gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Giorgio Gratta \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Gratta cho bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 “ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u” cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t Majorana, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng. “C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5”, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Gratta n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u1ea1t Majorana, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m”, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Zhan chia s\u1ebb. “Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t 80 n\u0103m qua”.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Hoa<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n VnExpress<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n”, lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh “h\u1ea1t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n” t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u1ea2nh: spgirolamo. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5983"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6469,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5983\/revisions\/6469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}