{"id":5967,"date":"2017-06-23T19:06:14","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T12:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5967"},"modified":"2017-10-03T10:17:10","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T03:17:10","slug":"cong-nghe-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-dau-diesel-sinh-hoc-tu-sinh-khoi-butanol-sinh-hoc-va-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-drop-in","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cong-nghe-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-dau-diesel-sinh-hoc-tu-sinh-khoi-butanol-sinh-hoc-va-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-drop-in\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc: D\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i, Butanol sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc drop-in"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7u c\u1ecd, d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. D\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p do d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c \u1edf d\u1ea1ng gel \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Neste Oil c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea7n Lan \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e2ng cao (diesel t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o NExBTL) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ee9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 diesel sinh h\u1ecdc-xenlulo s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Choren Industries GmbH, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1eeb Shell v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u00f3a sinh kh\u1ed1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra diesel sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Quy tr\u00ecnh Carbo-V c\u1ee7a Choren chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1n 50% nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed7, trong khi quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd diesel sinh h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 10% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y kh\u00f4. N\u0103m 2008, Choren \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed 1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u1edbn \u1edf Freiberg, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Butanol sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. Butanol sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong n\u0103m 2006 khi BP v\u00e0 DuPont c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c butanol (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t) hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. Butanol c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01a1n ethanol, g\u1ed3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ph\u00e9p pha tr\u1ed9n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi x\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t butanol sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hay giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ea3n sinh ra butanol cho th\u1ea5y n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol th\u00f4ng qua l\u00ean men. C\u00f4ng ty nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc BP-DuPont v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty kh\u00e1c \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 butanol sinh h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m ethanol nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4, l\u00faa m\u00ec, c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u00eda. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i lignoxenlul\u00f4se \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc drop-in th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ethanol hay butanol sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ethanol kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 pha v\u1edbi x\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ethanol th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 pha v\u1edbi x\u0103ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 drop-in bao g\u1ed3m hydrocarbon t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00e0nh hydrocarbon. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f2n cao. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o. T\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n gi\u00e0u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ea3o mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau \u2013 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed carbon dioxide v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c. H\u01a1n 50% t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc drop-in thay th\u1ebf diesel, x\u0103ng, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c t\u1ea3o t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1996. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u th\u00f4 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh, nh\u01b0ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o quang h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n 10 t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4\/m\u1eabu Anh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ao m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a DOE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh NC&PT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c quan. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea3o c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao quy m\u00f4 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch vi t\u1ea3o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea3o quang h\u1ee3p trong ao m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gen t\u1ea3o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh quang \u0111i k\u00e8m, v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y t\u1ea3o bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean trong th\u00f9ng l\u00ean men t\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ao m\u1edf, chu\u1ed7i t\u1ea3o d\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n l\u1ea5n c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i t\u1ea3o c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u1ecdc k\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea3o ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng – c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea3o; sau \u0111\u00f3 thu ho\u1ea1ch, kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed cao li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ao m\u1edf, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eadp trung.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea3o Solazyme c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i California \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea3o trong b\u1ec3 l\u00ean men kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho ch\u00fang \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng – m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eadp trung cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Solazyme nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2010 cung c\u1ea5p 150.000 gallon nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c t\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

Hydrocarbon t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. C\u00f4ng ty H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i Wisconsin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi – Quy tr\u00ecnh BioForming (h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc) – \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydrocarbon t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00e0nh “x\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc” (biogasoline) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Virent tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t biogasoline t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. C\u00f4ng ty b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Virent c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh kh\u1ed1i xenlul\u00f4 bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u00e2y th\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh biogasoline.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi sinh v\u1eadt “thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf” k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc drop-in hydrocarbon t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ecfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 carbon dioxide – t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quang h\u1ee3p \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 khai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2008 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban tham v\u1ea5n khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i carbon dioxide. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

NASATI (theo Global Food Security: Emerging Technologies to 2040)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n Vista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eadu n\u00e0nh, d\u1ea7u c\u1ecd, d\u1ea7u \u0103n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5967"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6473,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5967\/revisions\/6473"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6472"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}