{"id":5966,"date":"2017-07-06T19:06:13","date_gmt":"2017-07-06T12:06:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5966"},"modified":"2017-10-03T10:17:33","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T03:17:33","slug":"vat-lieu-moi-co-the-loc-cac-chat-gay-o-nhiem-nuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/vat-lieu-moi-co-the-loc-cac-chat-gay-o-nhiem-nuoc\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Axit perfluorooctanoic, ho\u1eb7c PFOA, b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polymer m\u1edbi b\u1eaby c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFOA, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Journal of American Chemical Society ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 6.<\/p>\n

PFOA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a flo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t perfluor h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecdt ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf PFOA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u1ed5n. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft cacbon-flo b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Theo Christopher Higgins, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ecf Colorado \u1edf Golden, “C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean”.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi PFOA l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 u b\u01b0\u1edbu \u1edf lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p (SN Online: 1\/22\/10), suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00e0o thai. V\u00ec PFOA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua th\u1eddi gian, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p – ch\u1ec9 0,07 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thu h\u00fat PFOA trong b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFOA t\u00edch t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFOA ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFOA v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u William Dichtel, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Northwestern \u1edf Evanston, IL., cho bi\u1ebft. “Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n”.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, Dichtel v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polymer \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau: m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 beta-cyclodextrin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb b\u1ed9t ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u00e0u florua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 decafluorobiphenyl, ho\u1eb7c DFB. Fluor trong DFB l\u00e0m cho polymer h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed PFOA ch\u1ee9a flo, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, Dichtel cho bi\u1ebft. Theo Karen Wooley, nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc A & M Texas \u1edf College Station, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u “l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3”, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thu h\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a flo kh\u00f3 l\u1ea5y ra n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, polyme n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 95% PFOA ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 50 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u00edt. Polime ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay c\u1ea3 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c: polyme n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng methanol lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf PFOA, l\u00e0m cho polymer l\u1ea1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Dichtel v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a polymer n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Theo Higgins, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed perfluor kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i. Khi Higgins v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ec3m tra ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ecdt ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y PFOA v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 30 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed perfluor h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Higgins ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf PFOA. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u00edt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u201cb\u00ed hi\u1ec3m\u201d n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, theo nh\u01b0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 6 trong Environmental Science and Technology.<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc PFOA v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, “ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i. “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi m\u1ebb.”<\/p>\n

N.M.P (NASATI) Theo https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n Vista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Axit perfluorooctanoic, ho\u1eb7c PFOA, b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5966"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6475,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5966\/revisions\/6475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}