{"id":5947,"date":"2017-06-22T19:01:22","date_gmt":"2017-06-22T12:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5947"},"modified":"2017-10-03T10:38:06","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T03:38:06","slug":"cong-nghe-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-ethanol-xenlulo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cong-nghe-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-ethanol-xenlulo\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc Ethanol xenlul\u00f4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ethanol xenlul\u00f4 l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i lignoxenlul\u00f4se bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ng\u00f4, r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, r\u01a1m l\u00faa m\u00ec, v\u00e0 b\u00e3 m\u00eda), c\u00e2y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf, c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 miscanthus), v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i r\u1eafn \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Sinh kh\u1ed1i lignoxenlul\u00f4 g\u1ed3m ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p xenlul\u00f4, hemixenlul\u00f4, lignin v\u00e0 polyme, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n – sinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a – \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u00f3a (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n enzym c\u1ee7a lignoxenlul\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 glucose v\u00e0 xylose, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean men th\u00e0nh ethanol xenlul\u00f4. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean men ho\u1eb7c x\u00fac t\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nht ethanol xenlul\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2004, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ethanol xenlul\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 hemixenlul\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean men. Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p enzym cellulase ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed v\u1eabn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n so c\u00e1c enzym \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol t\u1eeb ng\u00f4. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1eeda ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c n\u1ea5m men \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean men c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a C5 v\u00e0 C6 t\u1eeb xenlul\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 xenlul\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc – lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a enzym v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sinh kh\u1ed1i, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Agrivida (Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 Syngenta International AG (Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c enzym ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c enzym n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n polysaccharides th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1eeb trong sinh kh\u1ed1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd enzym t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. C\u00f4ng ty Ceres (Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng chpo c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gen m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh kh\u1ed1i cao, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2y, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n ni-t\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc (Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra lo\u1ea1i gen ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh ethanol trong vi sinh v\u1eadt, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gen trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2y l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ethanol h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh: C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol xenlul\u00f4 cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee5c c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy m\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0i tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt ethanol xenlul\u00f4 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c cho th\u1ea5y chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol t\u1eeb ng\u00f4, ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u00e1 ng\u00f4 \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol xenlul\u00f4 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i s\u1eafp t\u1edbi s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb xenlul\u00f4 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 – thu h\u1ed3i sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng, r\u1eebng; t\u1ea1o ra, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn sinh h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Oak Ridge c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ea5y Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1eeba sinh kh\u1ed1i lignoxenlul\u00f4 t\u1eeb r\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p – m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n sinh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 – thay th\u1ebf cho 30% x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc xenlul\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kinh doanh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Royal Dutch Shell l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u1edf Iogen Corp, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol xenlul\u00f4 t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u1edf Canada. Shell c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c sinh h\u1ecdc Codexis \u1edf California, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c enzym m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

NASATI (theo Global Food Security: Emerging Technologies to 2040)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n Vista<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ethanol xenlul\u00f4 l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh kh\u1ed1i lignoxenlul\u00f4se bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p (nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n c\u00e2y ng\u00f4, r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, r\u01a1m l\u00faa m\u00ec, v\u00e0 b\u00e3 m\u00eda), c\u00e2y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6493,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5947"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6494,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5947\/revisions\/6494"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6493"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}