{"id":5812,"date":"2016-08-31T18:26:03","date_gmt":"2016-08-31T11:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5812"},"modified":"2017-10-03T17:15:57","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T10:15:57","slug":"bang-chay-nguon-nang-luong-khong-lo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/bang-chay-nguon-nang-luong-khong-lo\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y – ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f3ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. May m\u1eafn thay Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ee7 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u00f2ng 2.000 n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 90 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00e1y), c\u00f3 t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 natural hydrate ho\u1eb7c gas hydrate, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 methane, ethane, propan v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao (tr\u00ean 30 atm) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C). B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ec1m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u00edt nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 300 m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u0103ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1i banh tuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, c\u1ee9 1m3 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kho\u1ea3ng 164 m3 methane (cao g\u1ea5p 2 – 5 l\u1ea7n kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, l\u1ea1i s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec l\u00e0 hydrate \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t). B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0ng, n\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ecf, x\u00e1m hay xanh da tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 90 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Canada, Nga, M\u1ef9, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Trung Qu\u1ed1c.B\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 1\u00b0C-20\u00b0C s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch methane g\u00e2y n\u00ean th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, g\u00e2y s\u00f3ng th\u1ea7n do c\u00e1c th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed5 \u1eadp xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu dang di\u1ec5n ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 khai th\u00e1c.
\nC\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua khai th\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nga khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf Siberi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o l\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed methane. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed methane khi b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Nga, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Canada \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng methane t\u1eeb b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 127 tri\u1ec7u USD cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n T\u00e2y Nam Tokyo\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean – M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. Ng\u00e0y 3-6-2010, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 796 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00ed hydrate \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. Theo \u0111\u00f3, sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (2007- 2015) k\u1ebft th\u00fac giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, th\u0103m d\u00f2 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Lao \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/em>
\n http:\/\/thanhnien.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang n\u00f3ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n, d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u0103ng ch\u00e1y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m n\u1eefa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":7209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5812"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7210,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5812\/revisions\/7210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}