{"id":5625,"date":"2017-03-13T17:20:43","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T10:20:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5625"},"modified":"2017-10-03T13:17:52","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T06:17:52","slug":"tan-dung-rac-thuc-pham-su-menh-moi-cua-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tan-dung-rac-thuc-pham-su-menh-moi-cua-cong-nghe-sinh-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng r\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m – s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch n\u1eb1m sau chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y: X\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

R\u00e1c th\u1ea3i – ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. \u1ea2nh: Pinterest.<\/em><\/p>\n

1\/3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e1c<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Theo T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng – L\u01b0\u01a1ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c (FAO), m\u1ed7i n\u0103m lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 1,3 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 1\/3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng nhanh l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00ecnh to c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u1ec5 th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa khi t\u00edch t\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i sinh s\u00f4i, t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Do \u0111\u00f3, x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khoa h\u1ecdc \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2010, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o do Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 90 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n r\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. R\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng: \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n, b\u00e1n l\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00f3c g\u1ecdt, r\u1eeda, lu\u1ed9c, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u00e3 \u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1, th\u1ecbt gia s\u00fac v\u00e0 gia c\u1ea7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n sinh r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein r\u1ea5t cao n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a qua x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u00f2 m\u1ed5 gia s\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sinh kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ea7y. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb s\u1eefa c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc whey t\u1eeb b\u01a1. Ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t protein v\u00e0 saccharides.<\/p>\n

R\u00e1c th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c, hoa qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 rau. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn g\u1ea1o, m\u00ec v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa g\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cung c\u1ea5p 730 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n r\u01a1m cho gia s\u00fac, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 205 t\u1ef7 l\u00edt ethanol. R\u01a1m r\u1ea1 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cellulose v\u00e0 hemicellulose l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ethanol qua ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00faa m\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1t 682 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf tr\u1ea5u – ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb r\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c tranh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tinh ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc (biorefinery) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ecdc h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, enzyme, d\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e0u cellulose v\u00e0 lignin (tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt). Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sinh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 li\u00ean quan, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc<\/em>
\n Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 trong vi\u1ec7c gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch n\u1eb1m sau chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y: X\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":6772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5625"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5625\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6773,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5625\/revisions\/6773"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}