{"id":5550,"date":"2017-02-11T15:41:41","date_gmt":"2017-02-11T08:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5550"},"modified":"2017-10-03T16:28:41","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T09:28:41","slug":"che-tao-sieu-may-tinh-giup-con-nguoi-lam-duoc-nhung-dieu-khong-tuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/che-tao-sieu-may-tinh-giup-con-nguoi-lam-duoc-nhung-dieu-khong-tuong\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n. Ngu\u1ed3n \u1ea3nh: futurism.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Winfried Hensinger \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed Ion tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sussex (Anh) cho bi\u1ebft: “Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u00e1m m\u01a1 t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u201d.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel n\u0103m 1982 Richard Feynman \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u00e3 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n 1 v\u00e0 0, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum bit \u2013 qubit). Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed k\u00ec d\u1ecb (spooky quantum effect) m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i qubit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 0, 1 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng bit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ecb 0 ho\u1eb7c 1 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh qubit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 0 v\u00e0 1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Google tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 D-Wave 2X c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n 100 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed k\u00ec d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 10-15 qubit. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed lu\u00f4n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft (decoherence). Qubit s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bit 0 v\u00e0 1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf”, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Paul Rincon gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

“Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\u201d, Hensinger n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 10 t\u1ef7 bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1ea7m b\u1eaby c\u00e1c ion (nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n). C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c qubit v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn module li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng module h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, thay th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u00f9y \u00fd. Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i module s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3n 2.500 qubit ion v\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, gi\u1eef cho ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Phan Thanh<\/em>
\n www.khampha.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":7033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5550"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7034,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5550\/revisions\/7034"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}