{"id":5543,"date":"2017-03-13T15:41:02","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T08:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=5543"},"modified":"2017-10-03T16:25:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-03T09:25:50","slug":"no-luc-che-tao-loai-vat-lieu-moi-co-tinh-nang-phi-thuong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/no-luc-che-tao-loai-vat-lieu-moi-co-tinh-nang-phi-thuong\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Graphene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon d\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n k\u00ec l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 graphene.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-7027\" src=\"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/11022017174611-thuha2017_02_09-09_25_58tdkhiem.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/11022017174611-thuha2017_02_09-09_25_58tdkhiem.png 480w, https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/11022017174611-thuha2017_02_09-09_25_58tdkhiem-300x225.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eeba m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 graphene, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Bo. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon d\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bo c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra, chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bo s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra, chu\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c khi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu g\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t sau c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh co gi\u00e3n nh\u1edd v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang (c\u00e1c l\u00f2 xo th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 khi b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o d\u00e3n ch\u00fang qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i).<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 bo hai chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 borophene, chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 graphene. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i carbon tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng bo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 bo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft-\u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d, tr\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Boris Yakobson cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 graphene, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon d\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai chi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chu\u1ed7i bo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>Thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nhau, chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed bo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa khi ta th\u00f4i k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBo l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c carbon. N\u00f3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u00edt hao t\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d, Yakobson cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n n\u00f3 ra, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y; c\u00f2n khi b\u1ea1n co n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau, chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, trong khi chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00fa v\u1ecb: khi b\u1ea1n c\u0103ng n\u00f3 ra gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00f4i, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ed1t Schottky\u201d, Yakobson gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ed1t Schottky l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n electron \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ed1t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>www.khampha.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graphene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon d\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u00e9p, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1eeba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n k\u00ec l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":7027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5543"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7029,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5543\/revisions\/7029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}