{"id":4839,"date":"2016-03-30T23:01:54","date_gmt":"2016-03-30T16:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4839"},"modified":"2017-10-02T13:44:02","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T06:44:02","slug":"tao-ra-su-song-nhan-tao-tu-473-gen-buoc-tien-vi-dai-cua-cac-nha-sinh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tao-ra-su-song-nhan-tao-tu-473-gen-buoc-tien-vi-dai-cua-cac-nha-sinh-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb 473 gen: b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 437 gen ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 vi sinh m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ru\u1ed3i gi\u1ea5m c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20.000 gen. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 3 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng sinh, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m y t\u1ebf, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i sinh v\u1eadt m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 JCVI Syn3.0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 473 gen. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 149 gen kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i 3 gi\u1edd, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i trong \u0111\u0129a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science, do nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc J. Craig Venter, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u J. Craig Venter Institute (Maryland, Hoa K\u1ef3) d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, Venter v\u00ed qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gen thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gen kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc Boeing 777 xem n\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh\u201d, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n. \u201cB\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u201d, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u00ean c\u00e1nh tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Venter \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gen t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi sau nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Venter v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mycoplasma mycoides. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd thay th\u1ebf DNA c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n Mycoplasma capricolum, v\u1edbi gen nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi, khi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 JCVI-syn1.0. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf DNA g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c gen c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1eaft b\u1ecf c\u00e1c gen t\u1eeb Syn 1.0, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng gen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra 2 b\u1ed9 gen m\u1edbi nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi c\u1ea5y ch\u00fang v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o Mycoplasma capricolum.<\/p>\n

\u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc chia 901 gen c\u1ee7a Syn 1.0 v\u00e0o 8 ph\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u00e1p c\u00e1c DNA l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Syn 2.0, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a gen \u00edt h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Syn 3.0, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gen th\u1eadm c\u00f2n \u00edt h\u01a1n.
\n“\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 tin\u201d, Brett Baker – gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Texas, Austin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0y t\u1ecf. \u201cH\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gen v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u00e2u trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d. Baker cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gen thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Syn 3.0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn\u201d k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o 2010, theo Christopher Voigt, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachusetts. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ed9 gen t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a Venter t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c DNA c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

Sau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 sau khi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2010 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay lu\u00f4n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a? V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp theo? Alistair Elfick – k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Edinburgh (Anh) cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gen m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb b\u1edfi n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ‘v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i’ c\u1ee7a sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o: The Verge, Science, Newscientist, Wikipedia\u200b<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tinhte.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 437 gen ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh sinh h\u1ecdc, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4839","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4839","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4839"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5395,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4839\/revisions\/5395"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}