{"id":4814,"date":"2016-03-16T22:52:40","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T15:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4814"},"modified":"2017-10-02T13:34:41","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T06:34:41","slug":"tao-ra-ga-hien-dai-co-chan-cua-khung-long-de-nghien-cuu-tien-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tao-ra-ga-hien-dai-co-chan-cua-khung-long-de-nghien-cuu-tien-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1o ra g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gen \u1edf lo\u00e0i g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p ch\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 cho g\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 cho ch\u00fang ta xem, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb kh\u1ee7ng long c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda 65 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh chim hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cho t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng long 65 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng long gi\u1ed1ng chim (avian dinosaurs), ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long b\u1ecb ti\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng sau v\u1ee5 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i chim s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y ngay.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long gi\u1ed1ng chim th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Archaeopteryx, x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eafc c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec trong qua tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u1ee7ng long gi\u1ed1ng chim th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i Pygostylians, x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e0y, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ea3nh, c\u00f9n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1edbi m\u1eafc c\u00e1 n\u1eefa.
\nM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i c\u1ee7a chim hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng long, nh\u01b0ng khi l\u1edbn l\u00ean th\u00ec chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n ng\u1eafn \u0111i, m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u1edf lo\u00e0i Pygostylian. Nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Chile \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ed9 gen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ee7ng long.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Indian Hedgehog (IHH), gi\u00fap cho chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai g\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi m\u1eafc c\u00e1. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eafc c\u00e1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3t (c\u1ef1a): “Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i thai chim b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c.”<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u00f3m cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf g\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf tr\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi m\u1eaft c\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd t\u1eaft gen IHH, x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00f3t \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t protein PthrP, cho ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 con g\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi m\u1eafc c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Archaeopteryx.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 con g\u00e0 lai kh\u1ee7ng long ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5p cho n\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n kh\u1ee7ng long v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n g\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1ed1n c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 “t\u1ed1i t\u0103m” trong khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o Evolution, Phys\u200b<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tinhte.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gen \u1edf lo\u00e0i g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con g\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p ch\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i kh\u1ee7ng long t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f4i thay \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5p tr\u1ee9ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4814","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4814"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5371,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4814\/revisions\/5371"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}