{"id":4753,"date":"2016-01-27T16:12:06","date_gmt":"2016-01-27T09:12:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4753"},"modified":"2017-10-02T11:33:50","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T04:33:50","slug":"khoa-hoc-lat-tay-nhung-manh-khoe-duoc-su-dung-nhieu-nhat-trong-ao-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/khoa-hoc-lat-tay-nhung-manh-khoe-duoc-su-dung-nhieu-nhat-trong-ao-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00faa ballet, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean “\u1ea3o thu\u1eadt” x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng “m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e” \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 nay, hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh Susana Martinez-Conde v\u00e0 Stephen Macknik thu\u1ed9c \u0110H New York (M\u1ef9) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.
\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong>
\nM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd – hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng (misdirection).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tin r\u1eb1ng \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c” cho c\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia.
\nT\u1ea1i sao \u01b0? N\u00e3o b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd (spotlight of attention). Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng “\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf” c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u00e0n \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu: nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng xu b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i. Kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng xu \u1edf tay ph\u1ea3i, qua \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tay tr\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng xu – h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Susana ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3<\/strong>, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n b\u00e0i g\u00ec?”<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c “\u0111\u1ed3ng xu n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m bao nhi\u00eau?”, <\/em>k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1eed ch\u1ec9.
\n\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia c\u0169ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn theo.<\/p>\n

Tay tr\u00e1i l\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng xu, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn tay tr\u00e1i h\u01a1n. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng xu v\u1eabn \u1edf trong tay ph\u1ea3i.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 tay ph\u1ea3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd d\u00e0nh cho tay ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb xao nh\u00e3ng \u0111i, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai nh\u1eadn ra m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/strong>
\nN\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1nh m\u1eaft, h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00ecn, nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft b\u00e0i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “chia nh\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf.
\nV\u1edbi c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia mu\u1ed1n, v\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf m\u00e0n \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt “b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c” t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u00e0n \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m 3 tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 3 c\u00e1i c\u1ed1c \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 “ch\u1ea1y” v\u00e0o trong m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a “n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n” ra l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn ra m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt: tr\u00e1i b\u00f3ng th\u1ee9 4 b\u00ean trong c\u1ed1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/em><\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u00e1nh v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia. C\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eadp g\u00ec v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u0103ng l\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn l\u1eddi khai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 “k\u00e9m tin c\u1eady” v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng.
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c “c\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.
\nTuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc. Johny Thompson – nh\u00e0 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng cho hay, khi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 c\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Theo K\u00eanh14\/Tr\u00ed Th\u1ee9c Tr\u1ebb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n GenK.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed7i ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt gia lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4753"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5278,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4753\/revisions\/5278"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}