{"id":4578,"date":"2015-11-24T07:05:28","date_gmt":"2015-11-24T00:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4578"},"modified":"2017-10-02T09:33:34","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T02:33:34","slug":"tia-laser-co-the-lam-nuoc-dong-bang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tia-laser-co-the-lam-nuoc-dong-bang\/","title":{"rendered":"Tia laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5y khi m\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t” c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu tia laser l\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967, tia laser \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng sinh nhi\u00eat \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u00eau kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m v\u0169 kh\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Washington (Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra tia laser ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 laser h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 36 \u0111\u1ed9 F (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u0111\u1ed9 C). L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Pauzauskie – ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y – cho bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laser n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u1ea5p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho vi\u1ec7c laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i qua) bao g\u1ed3m: Peter Pauzauskie, Xuezhe Zhou, Bennett Smith, Matthew Crane.<\/em><\/p>\n

Peter Pauzauskie c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ec3 nano trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ecb h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng – gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 1 chi\u1ebfc nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf m\u00e0u – \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Peter chi\u1ebfu 1 ch\u00f9m tia laser h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean qua tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m s\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u xanh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng xung quanh n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/p>\n

Paden Roder, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu tia laser l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh 1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f9m tia ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/p>\n

L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng tia laser th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u khi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Theodor Wolfgang H\u00e4nsch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra sau h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990. H\u00e4nsch cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m tia laser v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1ed9t photon trong tia laser c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c photon c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1eeb tia laser. C\u00e1c photon sau \u0111\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u00e1c photon r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n \u0111i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m tia laser v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t photon t\u1eeb tia laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ea3m do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a photon m\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00e1t h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1995, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Los Alamos t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u00fap Theodor Wolfgang H\u00e4nsch gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 2005.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (0 \u0111\u1ed9 K hay \u00e2m 273,15 \u0111\u1ed9 C; ho\u1eb7c \u00e2m 459,67 \u0111\u1ed9 F). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng laser ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 Bose\u2013Einstein \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed m\u1ee9c v\u0129 m\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2007, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Massachuset th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng laser m\u1ed9t 1 gram ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn 0,8 \u0111\u1ed9 K (kho\u1ea3ng \u00e2m 272 \u0111\u1ed9 C). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 California v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vienna \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 10 x 1 micromet. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ec3 nano v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng xung quanh n\u00f3 v\u1eeba qua th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean qua m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5y khi m\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t” c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu tia laser l\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o Discovery, TechTimes, UniversityofWashington<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n GenK.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea5y khi m\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 “h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t” c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfu tia laser l\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967, tia laser \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng sinh nhi\u00eat \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u00eau kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":5060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4578"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5062,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4578\/revisions\/5062"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}