{"id":4274,"date":"2015-10-26T13:42:42","date_gmt":"2015-10-26T06:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4274"},"modified":"2017-09-28T23:19:54","modified_gmt":"2017-09-28T16:19:54","slug":"tong-quan-cong-nghe-bao-quan-nong-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tong-quan-cong-nghe-bao-quan-nong-san\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed4NG QUAN C\u00d4NG NGH\u1ec6 B\u1ea2O QU\u1ea2N N\u00d4NG S\u1ea2N"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n thu ho\u1ea1ch. Do d\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n sau thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/strong>
\nRau qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong rau qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfm r\u1ea5t cao l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 h\u1ea5p thu (glucose, fructose, saccarose), c\u00e1c polisaccarit (tinh b\u1ed9t, xenlulose, hemiixenlulose, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t pectim), c\u00e1c axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vitamin. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, m\u1ec1m x\u1ed1p, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u00e2y x\u00e1t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi sinh v\u1eadt x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu ho\u1ea1ch rau qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd, ho\u00e1 thu\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong rau h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfm 85-95%, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 5-15% l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, n\u00ean rau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, d\u1eadp n\u00e1t khi thu h\u00e1i, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon r\u1ea5t cao (trong d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t cacbon chi\u1ebfm 74-75%). Gluxit ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u1edf rau c\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao nh\u1ea5t trong rau.
\nCh\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u00e2u b\u1ecd, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a rau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

1. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong rau qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1oC trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o nh\u01b0: Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed…v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00f9ng l\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t s\u1ebd g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. T\u00f4t nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 4-50C trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. Khi chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb kho l\u1ea1nh ra c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n qua gia \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

2. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CAS ( Cells alive system)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CAS bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb CAS k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau) trong th\u1eddi gian kho\u1ea3ng 30 ph\u00fat. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u00f9i, v\u1ecb, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 99,7%.<\/p>\n

CAS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i sau thu ho\u1ea1ch. D\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (CAS) trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CAS v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CAS th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng\u201d nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m cao. CAS kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

3. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 CA (Controlled Atphosphere), MA (Modifided Atphosphere) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (hipobaric)..c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O2, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n sinh ethyle t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 s\u1ebd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p chssta pectin, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

3.1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CA (Controlled Atphosphere)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 O2 v\u00e0 CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00ed O2 v\u00e0 CO2 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd, sinh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t cao, rau qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ch\u00edn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 O2 xu\u1ed1ng <21% v\u00e0 t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u0103ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 2 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CA cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n cao, th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (6-9 th\u00e1ng). Trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rau qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/em><\/p>\n

– H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong kho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

– T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng cao, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i, lo\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u hoa qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

3.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MA (Modified Atmosphere)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p MA, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Philippines, Nam Phi, m\u00e0ng MA th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng polyethylen (PE) ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 O2 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, m\u00e0ng gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a rau qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng s\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Protexan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u00e1o cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Sau khi nh\u00fang qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea3y ra ngo\u00e0i, dung m\u00f4i b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quanh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Protexan: Pha v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:3, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u00fang qu\u1ea3 (ch\u1ee9a trong l\u01b0\u1edbi, khay l\u1ed7, b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1edbi) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch. Dung m\u00f4i s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i nhanh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t l\u00edt Protexan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho 200-400kg t\u00e1o. Protexan s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u00e1o, protexan c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/em><\/p>\n

+ L\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

+ Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

+ T\u0103ng t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao.<\/p>\n

+ Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

3.3. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u rau qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb rau qu\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7. Cho n\u00ean, khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, kho kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u00ec v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

3.4. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a rau, c\u1ee7, qu\u1ea3, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u b\u1ecd, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng (ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt) t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 d\u00f9ng trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

+ Tia \u00e2m c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tia b : Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b l\u00e0 c\u00e1c eleltron, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u k\u00e9m h\u01a1n g v\u00e0 tia a ph\u00f3ng n\u00ean an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n x\u1ea1 g nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb sinh v\u1eadt, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb Electron \u2013 Volt (eV). M\u1ed9t eV l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111i qua hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf 1 Volt. Trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh theo Mega electronvolt (1 MeV = 106eV). Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u cao n\u00ean an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1eb3ng, m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

Tia R\u01a1ngen (tia a) v\u00e0 tia g: l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ng\u1eb1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tia a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u cao, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e2u kho\u1ea3ng 10-30 ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n

3. 5. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n

a. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng Chitosan<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, chitosan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea9y m\u1ecbn, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p Chitosan s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan t\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. T\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a chitosan m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng trong su\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Chitosan \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n

Song Chitosan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chitosan ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh l\u00fd, sinh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m…lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

b. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0ng b\u00e1n th\u1ea5m BOQ-15<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

BOQ -15 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch l\u1ecfng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Citrus (cam, chanh, qu\u00fdt, b\u01b0\u1edfi) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i rau \u0103n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e0 chua. Sau khi thu h\u00e1i, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, lau kh\u00f4 r\u1ed3i nh\u00fang ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch lau m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 3-5 ph\u00fat r\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng carton \u0111em b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t. L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng Parafine h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0m b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3, t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 qu\u1ea3, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 hao h\u1ee5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. Thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi parafine c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m BOQ -15 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p (200-300 \u0111\u1ed3ng\/kg tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n) m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ao n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y<\/p>\n

c. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cam, b\u01b0\u1edfi, xo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m do c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra g\u1ed3m 08 lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u: CEFORES-CP10-01, CEFORES-CP092, CEFORES-CP093, CEFORES-CP094, CEFORES-CP10-02, CEFORES-CP10-03, CEFORES-CP10-04. \u0110H-08, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i C\u1ee5c An to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang: CEFORES CP-10-01 v\u00e0 CEFORES-CP092 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u00fai (cam, b\u01b0\u1edfi, chanh\u2026); \u0110H-08 cho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edfi \u0110oan H\u00f9ng; CEFORES CP-093 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 xo\u00e0i; CEFORES CP-094 d\u00f9ng cho qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ed1i; CEFORES-CP10-02 cho qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0a h\u1ea5u; CEFORES CP-10-03: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t, c\u00e0 r\u1ed1t; CEFORES CP-10-04: cho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u01b0a chu\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

d. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Retaine (AVG)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Retain c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 sinh Ethylen th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf enzym sinh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ACC t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00f9a thu ho\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3, t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3, th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u2026Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 cam, qu\u00fdt, nh\u00e3n, m\u1eadn, v\u1ea3i, t\u00e1o\u2026v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 trong giai \u0111\u1ecdan c\u1eadn thu ho\u1ea1ch. Khi qu\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00edn.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u1eddn mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 2 th\u00e1ng; gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 r\u1ee5ng: 5-10%; hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 20-30%.<\/p>\n

4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1i(rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i) sau thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i trong chu tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n rau qu\u1ea3 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi sinh v\u1eadt x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau.<\/p>\n

+ Khi thu ho\u1ea1ch ra qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n thu h\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi v\u1ee5, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00edn, tr\u00e1nh thu ho\u1ea1ch qu\u00e1 non, ng\u00e0y m\u01b0a, ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng rau qu\u1ea3 b\u1ecb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh hay b\u1ecb d\u1eadp n\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh v\u1ee9t n\u00e9m, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng tr\u00e1nh d\u1eadp n\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0o rau qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng rau qu\u1ea3 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, n\u00f3ng rau qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, rau qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o kho m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c kho l\u1ea1nh t\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i .\/.<\/p>\n

V\u0169 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00e1i – B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n – Vi\u1ec7n M\u00f4i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/em>
\n http:\/\/www.iae.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n thu ho\u1ea1ch. Do d\u00f3, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n sau […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":4454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4274"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4460,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4274\/revisions\/4460"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}