{"id":4230,"date":"2015-10-23T13:27:29","date_gmt":"2015-10-23T06:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=4230"},"modified":"2017-09-28T23:09:53","modified_gmt":"2017-09-28T16:09:53","slug":"su-song-trai-dat-co-the-bat-dau-tu-41-ty-nam-truoc-som-hon-nhieu-so-voi-suy-nghi-truoc-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/su-song-trai-dat-co-the-bat-dau-tu-41-ty-nam-truoc-som-hon-nhieu-so-voi-suy-nghi-truoc-day\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 4,1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb macma, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i UCLA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4,1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng tranh lu\u1eadn ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd d\u1eebng trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c sao ch\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean sau LHB th\u00ec n\u00fai l\u1eeda ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i (c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng sao ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 DNA). Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (abiogenesis).<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 3,8 \u0111\u1ebfn 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i Greenland nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 3,7 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m – m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a carbon-12. X\u00e9t th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3 t\u1edbi 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Mark Harrison, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\u200b
\nL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles (UCLA) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u01a1n 10.000 m\u1eabu zircon, kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb macma – nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Trong 10.000 m\u1eabu ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 656 m\u1eabu ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ra 79 m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quang ph\u1ed5 3D. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y 1 m\u1eabu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a than ch\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng zircon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4,1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m n\u00ean than ch\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec carbon l\u00e0 1 trong nh\u1eefng “kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n” \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 “nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u”, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Mark Harrison, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft: “Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t s\u01a1 khai c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111ang s\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129.”<\/p>\n

Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i virus, DNA c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 4 kh\u1ed1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p DNA l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra 1 l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 4,1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 DNA \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 LHB.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o UCLA, Harvard, Engadget, FLOE\u200b<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tinhte.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb macma, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i UCLA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4,1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":4438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4230"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4440,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4230\/revisions\/4440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4438"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}