{"id":3838,"date":"2015-10-02T22:21:37","date_gmt":"2015-10-02T15:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=3838"},"modified":"2017-09-27T22:24:17","modified_gmt":"2017-09-27T15:24:17","slug":"day-la-chia-khoa-se-giup-chung-ta-xay-dung-can-cu-tren-sao-hoa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/day-la-chia-khoa-se-giup-chung-ta-xay-dung-can-cu-tren-sao-hoa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sau 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho vi khu\u1ea9n lam m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n: chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y sao H\u1ecfa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mang t\u00ean vi khu\u1ea9n lam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n lam (Cyanobacteria) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ecdi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc – nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p v\u0129nh c\u1eedu th\u1eadm ch\u00ed k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sao H\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mang c\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n lam, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sau n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Lynn Rothschild, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ames c\u1ee7a NASA g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc. C\u00f4 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t oxy t\u00ed hon n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, oxy, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho vi\u1ec7c vi khu\u1ea9n lam x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa m\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi sao H\u1ecfa, nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u00ec l\u1edbn. H\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y thi\u1ebfu \u0111i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Nit\u01a1. Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu Nit\u01a1, tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nit\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t: amonic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i nitrat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i vi khu\u1ea9n lam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang mang trong m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 enzym chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Nit\u01a1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh amoniac.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00e0 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. Vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed Nit\u01a1 c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Nit\u01a1, ph\u00eda sau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ed1tpho, magi\u00ea, kali, canxi, k\u1ebdm, s\u1eaft… H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Vi khu\u1ea9n lam l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n m\u00e0u xanh, ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1. Vi khu\u1ea9n lam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1 sao H\u1ecfa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1ch kim nh\u1edd vi khu\u1ea9n lam.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ch\u1edf th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00ean t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Ngu\u1ed3n kinh ph\u00ed \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf cho t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn bay l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edf rau qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt l\u1ee3n. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ngay tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3m rau di\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean Tr\u1ea1m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ISS. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sao H\u1ecfa, s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n khi tr\u1ed3ng vi khu\u1ea9n lam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n.<\/p>\n

Sao H\u1ecfa ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 44% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi so v\u1edbi Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi khu\u1ea9n lam chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a photon th\u00e0nh calo l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sinh s\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi rau xanh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng \u0103n vi khu\u1ea9n th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u00ec l\u1ea1, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean xem l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 mua.Vi khu\u1ea9n lam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 sung m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Spirulina, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0m m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi khu\u1ea9n lam thu\u1ed9c chi Arthrospira.<\/p>\n

Arthrospira c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebfu Vitamin C v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tinh d\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gia v\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n sao H\u1ecfa c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt g\u00e0 \u1edf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00ed th\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n sao H\u1ecfa v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 0,13%. Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 20% kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 oxy. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, sao H\u1ecfa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u00f3a tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea3i ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 oxy. N\u1ebfu quang h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u, vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a sao H\u1ecfa. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Rothschild n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cVi khu\u1ea9n lam s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t oxy r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Trong khi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra 2,5-11 t\u1ea5n oxy m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ha, nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n lam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Nam California c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 16,8 t\u1ea5n.\u201d Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n sinh h\u1ecdc cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thu kh\u00ed CO2 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i cho l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i oxy cung c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y thay cho th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoniac, c\u00e1c enzyme trong vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho t\u00ean l\u1eeda. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ghi nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi enzyme nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn kh\u00ed N2 v\u00e0 H2. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m qu\u00ean kh\u00ed H2 v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u00ean l\u1eeda sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n, vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay th\u1ebf cho d\u1ea7u diesel ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp vi khu\u1ea9n lam \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea7u sinh h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho n\u1ea5m men s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol, m\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u quen thu\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho thu\u1ed1c men<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf l\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi khu\u1ea9n: c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, thu\u1ed1c men… Nh\u00ecn l\u01b0\u1edbt qua ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p gen \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn E.coli th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng sinh hay thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 thi khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi khu\u1ea9n lam. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc, thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n lam. Rothchild n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ly sinh t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn s\u1ebd tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1edfi vi khu\u1ea9n lam, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00e1 bi quan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn s\u1ebd mang theo th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Vi khu\u1ea9n lam s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm h\u00e0nh tinh \u0111\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u1ea1i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y xanh th\u1eadm ch\u00ed mang m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y hay vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y th\u1eed ngh\u0129 xem trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ch\u1eadu hoa nh\u1ef1a hay hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, rau xanh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n bi\u1ebfn sao H\u1ecfa th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong. Trong khi \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho h\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n lam nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \u201cx\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d h\u00e0nh tinh, gieo m\u1ea7m cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 sau 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho vi khu\u1ea9n lam m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n: chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y sao H\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o: Gizmodo<\/em><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n GenK.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sau 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho vi khu\u1ea9n lam m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n: chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y sao H\u1ecfa. Vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 3,5 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t mang t\u00ean vi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3841,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3842,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3838\/revisions\/3842"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}