{"id":3801,"date":"2015-09-29T22:08:31","date_gmt":"2015-09-29T15:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=3801"},"modified":"2017-09-27T22:11:01","modified_gmt":"2017-09-27T15:11:01","slug":"so-luoc-ve-nam-linh-chi-loai-ganoderma-lucidum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/so-luoc-ve-nam-linh-chi-loai-ganoderma-lucidum\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a0 L\u01af\u1ee2C V\u1ec0 N\u1ea4M LINH CHI (Lo\u00e0i Ganoderma lucidum)"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ea5m Linh chi (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Reishi ho\u1eb7c Lingzhi) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Lim, V\u1ea1n Ni\u00ean Nhung, B\u1ea5t L\u00e3o Th\u1ea3o, Th\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean Th\u1ea3o, \u0110o\u1ea1n Th\u1ea3o, n\u1ea5m Th\u1ea7n Linh, n\u1ea5m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecd, c\u1ecf Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u, c\u00e2y \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh,… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N\u1ea5m Linh chi (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Reishi ho\u1eb7c Lingzhi) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Lim, V\u1ea1n Ni\u00ean Nhung, B\u1ea5t L\u00e3o Th\u1ea3o, Th\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean Th\u1ea3o, \u0110o\u1ea1n Th\u1ea3o, n\u1ea5m Th\u1ea7n Linh, n\u1ea5m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecd, c\u1ecf Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u, c\u00e2y \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh,… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5. T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a Linh chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c,… \u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00ean n\u1ea5m Linh chi l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong \u201cTh\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o kinh\u201d (tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, 25-220 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), theo \u0111\u00f3 Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng Linh chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 4000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Linh chi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb r\u1eebng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1eebng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi, k\u00ed sinh ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1i sinh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 kim, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean tre, tr\u00fac, d\u1eeba, cau, nho,… Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Linh chi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng. Trong B\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c (1590), \u0111\u1ea1i danh y L\u00fd Th\u1eddi Tr\u00e2n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Linh chi theo m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00e0nh 6 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o Linh chi\u201d. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c nhau: Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng chi ho\u1eb7c Kim chi; lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 Thanh chi ho\u1eb7c Long chi; lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf l\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng chi hay \u00d0an chi ho\u1eb7c X\u00edch chi; lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch chi hay Ng\u1ecdc chi; lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n chi hay H\u1eafc chi; lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u t\u00edm l\u00e0 T\u1eed chi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 250 lo\u00e0i trong chi Linh chi (Ganoderma) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed3ng chi (Ganoderma lucidum) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t (Wasser, 2010). Trong \u201cL\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o Linh chi\u201d th\u00ec H\u1ed3ng chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 Linh chi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 (Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Linh, 2000). Lo\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n G. lucidum n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Theo Wasser (2010), tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ea5m Linh chi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o n\u1ea5m Linh chi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ea5m Linh chi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Linh chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean th\u00e2n g\u1ed7, tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y ch\u00ecm thu nh\u1eadn sinh kh\u1ed1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u00f9n c\u01b0a, Linh chi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, b\u00e3 m\u00eda,… (Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng, 2004).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e0, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5… C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3, khu\u1ea9n ty ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Linh chi (Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb Linh chi do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi (Ganoderma lucidum)<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, m\u1ec1m x\u1ed1p nh\u01b0ng h\u00f3a g\u1ed7 theo th\u1eddi gian. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Linh (2000), th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n, m\u0169 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m (ph\u1ea7n phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m). Tr\u00ean m\u0169 n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 hai v\u00e1ch, b\u00e0o t\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda b\u00ean trong gi\u1eefa hai v\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m Linh chi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. M\u0169 n\u1ea5m ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u00f9y; khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t, h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u1eadn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u (d\u00e0i 3-30 cm, r\u1ed9ng 2-25 cm, d\u00e0y 0,5-2 cm). M\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u0169 n\u1ea5m s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, c\u00f3 v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00e2n t\u00e1n x\u1ea1; m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a b\u00e0o t\u1eed. Khi c\u00f2n non, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u0169 n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0ng hay n\u00e2u nh\u1ea1t (Microbe Wiki). Cu\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m d\u00e0i, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u b\u00f3ng. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 1-1,5 cm x 15-20 cm. \u0110\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u0169, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m m\u0169. \u0110\u00f4i khi Linh chi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng trung gian h\u00ecnh g\u1ea1c (Roy, 2006).<\/p>\n

Theo Kuo (2004), b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 9-12 x 5,5-8 \u00b5m. B\u00e0o t\u1eed h\u00ecnh thu\u1eabn, c\u00f3 gai l\u00f5m, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khu\u1ea9n ty m\u1ecdc ra khi b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m. Khu\u1ea9n ty c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 enzyme \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 lignin v\u00e0 cellulose.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Chu tr\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi<\/strong>
\nA: Th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3; B: M\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i phi\u1ebfn n\u1ea5m; C: \u0110\u1ea3m; D: S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ea3m; E: \u0110\u1ea3m v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m; F: B\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m; G: S\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2n; H: S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 2 s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2n; I: S\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m song nh\u00e2n.
\n(Ngu\u1ed3n: Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng, 2004, trang 236)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a G. lucidum<\/strong><\/p>\n

G. lucidum kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t qu\u00fd \u00edt c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m \u0103n kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3, khu\u1ea9n ty, b\u00e0o t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m. Theo Wasser (2010), trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, vi\u00eam gan, v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (type II).<\/p>\n

Theo Wachtel-Galor et al. (2011), lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9a vitamin, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 acid amin thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u leucine v\u00e0 lysine). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 acid b\u00e9o kh\u00f4ng no cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho n\u1ea5m Linh chi.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn 90%, n\u1ea5m Linh chi t\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 75% n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a G. lucidum l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1, carbohydrate, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 protein, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 x\u01a1 th\u00f4 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 50% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 (Mau et al., 2001; Wasser, 2010). C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3, khu\u1ea9n ty v\u00e0 b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 400 ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c polysaccharide, triterpenoid, nucleotide, acid b\u00e9o, sterol, steroid, protein\/peptide, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Mizuno (1995), chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t G. lucidum ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kali, magnesi, calci, natri, s\u1eaft, k\u1ebdm, mangan, \u0111\u1ed3ng, selenium v\u00e0 germanium; trong \u0111\u00f3 kali, magnesi, calci l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 germanium \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 5 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u1ea5t (489 \u00b5g\/g). C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng n\u00e0y tham gia v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, germanium h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxy c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa stress, ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed1i u, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cholesterol trong m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 hay t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c interferon(1) ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c virus k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 HIV, k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n sinh c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o NK – natural killer cells) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o (Asai, 1980; Loren, 1987).<\/p>\n

Polysaccharide v\u00e0 triterpenoid \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong Linh chi (Skalicka-Wo\u017aniak et al., 2012; Wasser, 2010). C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng,… (Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb G. lucidum nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee7ng n\u1ea5m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft (Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011).<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Wachtel-Galor et al. (2011) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng trong G. lucidum c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein v\u00e0 lectin. C\u00e1c protein c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m: Ling Zhi-8; G. lucidum peptide c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a; ganodermin c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 G. lucidum. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lectin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 khu\u1ea9n ty c\u1ee7a Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c g\u1ed3m enzyme nh\u01b0 metalloprotease l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u; t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u03b1-glucosidase r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Linh chi,…<\/p>\n

\u2022 C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m Linh chi<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m Linh chi c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ecdt, t\u00ednh \u1ea5m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c (Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng, 2004). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, Linh chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Linh chi (G. lucidum) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd sau:
\n+ Ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0:
\nNhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u in vitro (2) v\u00e0 in vivo (3) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i u (Boh, 2013; Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Linh chi trong ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, ph\u00e9p tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a Linh chi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u trong tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t (Gao v\u00e0 c\u00f4\u0323ng s\u01b0\u0323, 2003).
\nM\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, trong ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0, Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng morphine, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt (Wasser, 2010).
\n+ \u0110i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch:
\nNhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a G. lucidum. Theo Roy (2006), trong c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Linh chi ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c b\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m HIV. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n sinh histamine, Linh chi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hen suy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng. Linh chi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam kh\u1edbp, vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng,… (Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Linh, 2000; Wasser, 2010).
\n+ T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p oxy cho tim, n\u00e3o:
\nV\u00ec germanium trong Linh chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p oxy cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, Linh chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3: gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng; ch\u1eefa \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, bu\u1ed3n n\u00f4n, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7; gi\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu oxy do \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn; gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p th\u1ea5p (Wasser, 2010).
\n+ H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n:
\nC\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh Linh chi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tim m\u1ea1ch: gi\u1ea3m cholesterol th\u1eeba trong m\u00e1u, ch\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ee1 m\u00e1u cao, l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng m\u00e1u, ch\u1ed1ng x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 co tim, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tim, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u, ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u,… (Wasser, 2010).
\n+ Kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng virus:
\nTheo Wasser (2010), g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh G. lucidum c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng (polysaccharide v\u00e0 triterpenoid) trong Linh chi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a HIV, virus vi\u00eam gan si\u00eau vi B, virus Herpes, v.v.
\nTheo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Linh chi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trong ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng virus. D\u00f9 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, Linh chi m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Linh chi k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00e1ng virus.
\n+ Ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a:
\nNhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong Linh chi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 polysaccharide v\u00e0 triterpenoid, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a in vitro. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t trong Linh chi gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c (Wachtel-Galor et al., 2011; Wasser, 2010).
\n+ C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c:
\nTheo y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd n\u00eau tr\u00ean, Linh chi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p; ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd; an th\u1ea7n; gi\u1ea3m \u0111au; ch\u1ed1ng x\u01a1 h\u00f3a, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan, ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam gan m\u00e3n t\u00ednh; gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, ng\u0103n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft; c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng type II; \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho do c\u1ea3m c\u00fam, ho c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm, ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u, c\u01a1n \u0111au th\u1eaft ng\u1ef1c; c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n kinh, suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c tim, \u0111au l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, \u0111au d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, \u0111au th\u1eadn, \u0111au n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111au m\u1eadt,… (Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Linh, 2000; Roy, 2006; Wasser, 2010).<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/strong>
\n(1)interferon: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c protein t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i lai nh\u01b0 virus, vi khu\u1ea9n, k\u00ed sinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 (Theo Wikipedia).
\n(2)in vitro (ti\u1ebfng Latinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m”): l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, hay b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o hay vi khu\u1ea9n) d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng (Theo Wikipedia).
\n(3)in vivo: l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh l\u00fd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (Theo Wikipedia).<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:
\nNguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0110inh Xu\u00e2n Linh. 2000. N\u1ea5m \u0103n, n\u1ea5m d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u-C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng. NXB H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, trang 30-36.
\nNguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n D\u0169ng. 2004. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng n\u1ea5m t\u1eadp II. Nxb. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, trang 216.
\nAsai, K. 1980. Miracle Cure Organic Germanium. Japan: Japan Publications, pp. 16-76.
\nBoh, B. 2013. Ganoderma lucidum: a potential for biotechnological production of anti-cancer and immunomodulatory drugs. Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery, 8(3):255-287.
\nGao, Y., S. Zhou, W. Jiang, M. Huang and X. Dai. 2003. Effects of ganopoly (a Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract) on the immune functions in advanced-stage cancer patients. Immunological Investigations, 32(3):201-215.
\nLoren, K. 1987. The Report on Germanium. Life Extension Educational Service, pp. 42.
\nMau, J.L, H.C. Lin and C.C. Chen. 2001. Non-volatile components of several medicinal mushrooms. Food Research International, 34:521\u2013526.
\nMizuno, T. 1995. Reishi, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae: bioactive substances and medicinal effects. Food Reviews International, 11(1):151\u2013166.
\nRoy, U. 2006. Reishi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Standards of Analysis, Quality Control, and Therapeutics. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Therapeutic Compendium, pp. 1-23.
\nSkalicka-Wo\u017aniak, K., J. Szypowski, R. \u0141o\u015b, M. Siwulski, K. Sobieralski, K. G\u0142owniak and A. Malm. 2012. Evaluation of polysaccharides content in fruit bodies and their antimicrobial activity of four Ganoderma lucidum (W Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. strains cultivated on different wood type substrates. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 81(1):17-21.
\nWachtel-Galor S., J. Yuen, J.A. Buswell and I.F.F. Benzie. 2011. Chapter 9 Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi) \uf02d A Medicinal Mushroom. In Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects, eds. I.F.F. Benzie and S. Wachtel-Galor. Boca Ratonm (Florida): CRC Press, pp.175-199.
\nWasser, S.P. 2010. Reishi. In Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements (2nd edition), eds. P.M. Coates, J.M. Betz, M.R. Blackman, G.M. Cragg, M. Levine, J. Moss, J.D. White. New York-London: Informa Healthcare, pp. 680-690.
\nKuo, M. 2004. Ganoderma lucidum. Accessed on 19\/05\/2014, from http:\/\/www.mushroomexpert.com\/ganoderma_lucidum.html
\nMicrobe Wiki. 2011. Ganoderma lucidum. Accessed on 20\/05\/2014, from https:\/\/microbewiki.kenyon.edu\/index.php\/Ganoderma_lucidum#Description_and_significance
\nWikipedia. Interferon. Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 24\/08\/2015, t\u1eeb https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interferon
\nWikipedia. In vitro. Truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 24\/08\/2015, t\u1eeb https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/In_vitro<\/p>\n

Ng\u1ecdc Thanh<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ea5m Linh chi (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Reishi ho\u1eb7c Lingzhi) c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Lim, V\u1ea1n Ni\u00ean Nhung, B\u1ea5t L\u00e3o Th\u1ea3o, Th\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean Th\u1ea3o, \u0110o\u1ea1n Th\u1ea3o, n\u1ea5m Th\u1ea7n Linh, n\u1ea5m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecd, c\u1ecf Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u, c\u00e2y \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh,… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":3804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3801"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3805,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3801\/revisions\/3805"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}