{"id":35951,"date":"2024-09-20T14:07:59","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T07:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=35951"},"modified":"2024-09-20T14:08:05","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T07:08:05","slug":"tcvn-138442023-xac-dinh-duong-thuc-vat-c-4-cua-mat-ong-bang-phuong-phap-do-ty-so-dong-vi-cacbon-ben","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tcvn-138442023-xac-dinh-duong-thuc-vat-c-4-cua-mat-ong-bang-phuong-phap-do-ty-so-dong-vi-cacbon-ben\/","title":{"rendered":"TCVN 13844:2023 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ngo\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 theo Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 13844:2023 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng y\u00ean t\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed m\u1eadt ong nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u1eadt ong l\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y, nh\u1ecf m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e2m c\u1ecdng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1eadt ong,\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eadt ong c\u00f3 100% t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 trong m\u1eadt ong. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt ong nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda ho\u1eb7c xi-r\u00f4 ng\u00f4) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 7%. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu m\u1eadt ong nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 cao h\u01a1n 7% m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n 13C v\u1eabn trong d\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n -24,0\u2030).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1eadt ong k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda m\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt Glucose v\u00e0 Frucrose \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p trong m\u1eadt ong l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 < 7%. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng C4 > 7% th\u00ec m\u1eadt ong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt do ong \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n

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N\u00ean x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4, B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 13844:2023 m\u1eadt ong – x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb ng\u00f4. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p th\u1eed li\u00ean ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00ean so s\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a protein t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed. T\u1eeb ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y (ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ISCIRA) t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 trong m\u1eabu th\u1eed. M\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 protein t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tinh khi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, d\u1ea7u th\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed3ng, oxit, dung d\u1ecbch axit sulfuric, b\u0103ng kh\u00f4, axeton, nito l\u1ecfng…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng cho quy tr\u00ecnh Sofer, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tinh s\u1ea1ch; m\u00e1y \u0111o kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p; bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1t; l\u00f2 nung; t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y; …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n trong m\u1eabu th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (Batchwise). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00ean chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh Craig (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1ecf) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e2n t\u1eeb 20 mg \u0111\u1ebfn 50 mg ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eeb, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn 0,1 mg, cho v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9. \u0110\u1eb7t thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u01a1m t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 600 mmHg v\u00e0 b\u01a1m kh\u00ed oxy. Nung ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed trong \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 850 \u00b0C, cacbon dioxit sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 trong b\u1eaby nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tinh s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh Sofer b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu cho t\u1eeb 3 mg \u0111\u1ebfn 5 mg ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed l\u00ean th\u00e0nh b\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n. C\u00e1ch mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 3 cm \u0111\u1ebfn 4 cm, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed ch\u1ea3y d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 3 g \u0111\u1ebfn 5 g \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean \u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m ngang trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n 5 min. \u0110\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 60 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 65 \u00b0C trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n 8 h. L\u1ea5y \u1ed1ng ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y, gi\u1eef th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 g\u00f5 m\u1ea1nh \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit b\u00e1m tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y \u0111o kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 n\u00ean theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1eabu th\u1eed theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1t Dumas (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c crom-crom oxit, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xung oxy. Cacbon dioxit sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n ion h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed mang heli. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch cacbon dioxit c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e9p \u0111o tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y \u0111o kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch protein, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn th\u00ec l\u1ecdc m\u1eabu th\u1eed qua m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc. M\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a protein. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m t\u00e1ch n\u00ean nh\u00fang t\u00fai th\u1ea9m t\u00e1ch v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t hai n\u00fat \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00fai. \u0110un n\u00f3ng t\u1eeb 5 g \u0111\u1ebfn 7 g ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00f4i. Th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 3 ml \u0111\u1ebfn 5 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u, cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai th\u1ea9m t\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t hai n\u00fat \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00fai v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m t\u00e1ch tr\u00ean v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n 16h.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi protein n\u00ean l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p protein \u0111\u00e3 tinh s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y protein b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon b\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi protein theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong khi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu th\u1eed; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y; m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec n\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nung \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf 550 \u00b0C kho\u1ea3ng 1 h trong l\u00f2 nung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/vietq.vn\/tcvn-138442023-xac-dinh-duong-thuc-vat-c-4-cua-mat-ong-bang-phuong-phap-do-ty-so-dong-vi-cacbon-ben-d225511.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ngo\u00e0i y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ong, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C-4 theo Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 13844:2023 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng y\u00ean t\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed m\u1eadt ong nguy\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":35952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35951"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35951\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35953,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35951\/revisions\/35953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}