![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vietq.vn\/Images\/ngoyenhoa\/2024\/08\/27\/93.jpeg\")
<\/p>\n\n\n\nNh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, U\u1ef7 ban ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pin l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Theo K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEA), pin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m pin, c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3, khi pin h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo IEA \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV), v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u1edbi 80% t\u1ed5ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf cho d\u00f2ng xe x\u0103ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng may x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o khung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung, chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tham kh\u1ea3o. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n IEC 63338 – H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin v\u00e0 \u1eafc quy th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lithium ion v\u00e0 niken c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, hay quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi \u1ee7y ban k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt IEC TC 21\/SC 21A d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1eafc quy v\u00e0 pin th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ki\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i axit kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban TC 21\/SC 21A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a U\u1ef7 ban bao g\u1ed3m IEC 63330-1 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cell th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, m\u00f4-\u0111un, b\u1ed9 pin v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin), IEC 62933-4-4 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean pin (BESS) c\u00f3 pin t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0 IEC 62933-5-3 (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng EES t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n