![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vietq.vn\/Images\/ngocxen\/2024\/08\/23\/47-1672010390-no-luc-giam-thai-2%20(1).jpg\")
<\/p>\n\n\n\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 GHG Protocol v\u00e0 ISO 14064.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Hi\u1ec7n nay, hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 GHG Protocol v\u00e0 ISO 14064.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. (\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n GHG Protocol l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn do Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WRI) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Doanh nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (WBCSD) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. GHG Protocol c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ISO 14064 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ISO) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. ISO 14064 bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n: ph\u1ea7n 1 (h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c), ph\u1ea7n 2 (h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1edf c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 3 (h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh). B\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 14064 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ISO 14001 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau, GHG Protocol chia ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea1m vi: Ph\u1ea1m vi 1 (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Lo\u1ea1i 1 c\u1ee7a ISO 14064. Ph\u1ea1m vi 2 (ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t, h\u01a1i do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mua v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng), t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Lo\u1ea1i 2 c\u1ee7a ISO 14064. Ph\u1ea1m vi 3 (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra trong chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb). Ph\u1ea1m vi 3 c\u1ee7a GHG Protocol bao tr\u00f9m Lo\u1ea1i 3,4,5,6 c\u1ee7a ISO 14064.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 14064-1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i: Lo\u1ea1i 1- Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp; Lo\u1ea1i 2 \u2013 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u; Lo\u1ea1i 3 \u2013 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i; Lo\u1ea1i 4 \u2013 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; Lo\u1ea1i 5 \u2013 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; Lo\u1ea1i 6 \u2013 Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n GHG Protocol v\u00e0 ISO 14064 \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, GHG Protocol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, bao tr\u00f9m nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. C\u00f2n ISO 14064 t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, GHG Protocol v\u00e0 ISO 14064 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, ph\u1ea1m vi, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. C\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng GHG Protocol \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ISO 14064 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vietq.vn\/Images\/ngocxen\/2024\/08\/23\/ximang_phatthai.jpg\")
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