{"id":35363,"date":"2024-08-07T14:31:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T07:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=35363"},"modified":"2024-08-07T14:31:11","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T07:31:11","slug":"tcvn-14134-22024-ve-dat-dung-trong-xay-dung-duong-bo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tcvn-14134-22024-ve-dat-dung-trong-xay-dung-duong-bo\/","title":{"rendered":"TCVN 14134-2:2024 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 14134-2:2024 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 14134-2:2024 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 – ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed – ph\u1ea7n 2 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u01b0\u1edbt m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t do B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1eabu m\u1edbi l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60\u00b0C sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t. Do v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng\/ h\u1ed9p k\u00edn tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00ec m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u01b0\u1edbt theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 sau: C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t theo AASHTO T 88). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 2,00 mm y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 110g \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 60g \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 4,75 mm ho\u1eb7c s\u00e0ng 2,00 mm \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i \u0111a, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 9,5mm th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 0,5kg; N\u1ebfu c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 25mm th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 2,0kg; C\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t danh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 50mm th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 4,0kg; C\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn l\u00e0 75mm th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 5,0kg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu kh\u00f4 khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p A th\u00ec m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u01a1i kh\u00f4, trong t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu qu\u00e1 60\u00b0C. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong c\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0y b\u1ecdc cao su ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p sao cho tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chia t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eabu th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n (ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecdt s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm) b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o ng\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t khay\/ ch\u1eadu ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb (2-24)h cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t s\u1ecfi s\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n nh\u1ecf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tay b\u00f3p v\u1ee5n ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3p n\u00e1t sao cho thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm, c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tan ra v\u00e0 r\u1eeda qua s\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ef1ng trong khay. Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tan ra, s\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khay v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t khay s\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u00e2m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,45 kg ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u00e0ng kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm. Ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, khay ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0i gi\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y khay v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch. Sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ra kh\u1ecfi khay c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong khay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60\u00b0C. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n trong c\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e0y b\u1ecdc cao su ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u00edch h\u1ee3p), trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u01b0\u1edbt khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p B th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nhanh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y. M\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (110 \u00b1 5) \u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n r\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y ng\u00e2m v\u00e0 r\u1eeda m\u1eabu, c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed kho\u00e1ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ng\u00e2m r\u1eeda s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t. Khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan trong \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00ean nh\u1edb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00f3p v\u1ee5n ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ee5c n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1edf v\u1ee5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay. N\u00e2ng s\u00e0ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khay ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t thao t\u00e1c r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c r\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2m kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y khu\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng b\u00f9n s\u1ec7t, khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t khay \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda th\u1ea3i sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u1eafng \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y khay tr\u1edf l\u00ean s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 trong. Ch\u1eaft ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong, d\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng pipet ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng siphon h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, sau khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ec5u Buchner \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfn. L\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea9m kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u1eb7n l\u1eafng s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong khay thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdt qua s\u00e0ng 0,425 mm cho \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9t b\u1ea3 mat\u00edt (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eadp t\u1eeb 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 35 trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ea5y trong t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 110\u00b0C, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un s\u00f4i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ecdc tr\u00ean ph\u1ec5u Buchner ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng n\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n m\u1eabu v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu th\u1eed. B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ee9a k\u00edn h\u01a1i \u1ea9m, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 th\u00eam n\u1eefa cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/vietq.vn\/tcvn-14134-2-2024-ve-dat-dung-trong-xay-dung-duong-bo-d223957.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n TCVN 14134-2:2024 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":35364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35363","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35363"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35365,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35363\/revisions\/35365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35364"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}