{"id":35190,"date":"2024-07-24T10:19:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-24T03:19:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=35190"},"modified":"2024-07-24T10:20:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T03:20:07","slug":"ap-dung-tcvn-137452023-trong-qua-trinh-san-xuat-duong-de-loai-bo-tap-chat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/ap-dung-tcvn-137452023-trong-qua-trinh-san-xuat-duong-de-loai-bo-tap-chat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng TCVN 13745:2023 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Do n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda s\u1ebd l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh acid cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH th\u1ea5p n\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 pH theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia TCVN 13745:2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia TCVN 13745:2023 v\u1ec1 m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do B\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e1 m\u00eda, ng\u1ecdn m\u00eda (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean), r\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t, d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh non, m\u00eda m\u1ea7m (m\u0103ng), m\u00eda b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y \u0111en th\u00e0nh than, b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111en ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf, b\u1ecb kh\u00f4, th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y m\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, TCVN 13745:2023 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u2265 10 kg. S\u1ed1 m\u1eabu t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf nh\u01b0 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb 30 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu; L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 30 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn 60 t\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y hai m\u1eabu; L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 t\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y ba m\u1eabu; L\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean 90 t\u1ea5n l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu tr\u00ean xe m\u00eda, tr\u00ean b\u00e0n c\u00e2n, tr\u00ean s\u00e2n m\u00eda ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u00f9a m\u00eda, t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat m\u1eabu ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f4 m\u00eda nguy\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n r\u00fat c\u00e1c c\u00e2y m\u00eda ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c c\u00e2y m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n (bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c, r\u1ec5, ng\u1ecdn) v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f4 m\u00eda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103m, ch\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eabu l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 g\u1ed1c, r\u1ec5, ng\u1ecdn v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sao cho \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1eabu sau khi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gom ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e3 s\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u01a1i v\u00e3i, th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n m\u1eabu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra t\u1eeb m\u00eda \u1edf c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y hay x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00eda) th\u00ec n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khoan m\u1eabu m\u00eda (n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng khoan). H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u00e9p ra sau tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda qua tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t 65 % \u00b1 1 % v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh khi b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u). M\u00e1y \u00e9p m\u1eabu th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u0111\u1ea1t 65 % \u00b1 1 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng khoan. M\u1ed7i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i khoan t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ba m\u1eabu. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu t\u1eeb 2000g tr\u1edf l\u00ean, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khoan m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e9p m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng). M\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i sau khi m\u00eda \u0111i qua m\u00e1y b\u0103m ho\u1eb7c b\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u00e9p. T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu l\u00e0 6 000 g, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m ba l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch nhau 15min. M\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 pol (l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ea) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 brix (bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 % tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e0 tan so v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda) th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu m\u00eda thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hai m\u1eabu, m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 1.000g \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. M\u1eabu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 pol, \u0111\u1ed9 brix b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoan (l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u00e9p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu. N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoan m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u00e9p \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc qua r\u00e2y v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a m\u1eabu, m\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh \u2265 300 ml, \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eafp k\u00edn v\u00e0 g\u1eafn m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. M\u1eabu l\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng formaldehyd \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 % so v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ngay sau khi ph\u00e2n chia m\u1eabu xong \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 4 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00ean t\u00e1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eabu m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng dao (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 r\u00f3c m\u00eda), c\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 10g sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. T\u00e1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu m\u00eda nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu m\u00eda sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 trong m\u1eabu m\u00eda d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 trong b\u00e3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 trong m\u1eabu m\u00eda. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u00e9p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u00e9p tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda \u0111\u1ea1t 65 % \u00b11 %., t\u1ee7 s\u1ea5y, c\u00e2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 3.000 g, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 0,01g, n\u1ed3i (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u b\u00e3), b\u1ebfp \u0111un (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u b\u00e3), t\u00fai v\u1ea3i, khay s\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 trong m\u00eda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho h\u1ebft 1.000g m\u1eabu v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u00e9p th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u00e9p tr\u1ee5c, \u00e9p ki\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u00e9p t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ba l\u1ea7n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e3i b\u00e3 ra ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu sau khi \u00e9p. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u01a1 trong b\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 b\u00e3 sau khi \u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean 100g b\u00e3 cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai v\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t mi\u1ec7ng t\u00fai, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00fai n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y, x\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t trong b\u00e3. N\u1ea5u t\u00fai b\u00e3 trong kho\u1ea3ng 1h \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i (100\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u00e3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea5u c\u1ee9 sau 10 min d\u00f9ng tay v\u1eb7n v\u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 05 l\u1ea7n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n trong b\u00e3 tan h\u1ebft. Sau khi n\u1ea5u xong, l\u1ea5y t\u00fai b\u00e3 ra \u0111em x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, v\u1eaft kh\u00f4. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00fat to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o khay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 brix v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 brix, \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 20 \u00b0C. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eadt m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 brix v\u00e0 ch\u1edd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 min. D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh \u0111o, sau \u0111\u00f3 lau kh\u00f4 m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m. D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf l\u00ean m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh \u0111o c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 brix sao cho n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t k\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 brix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 pol, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 pol (polarimeter) c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o theo thang \u0111o c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Dung d\u1ecbch ch\u00ec axetat trung t\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e2n 330g ch\u00ec axetat trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 110g ch\u00ec oxit, cho v\u00e0o 500ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111un s\u00f4i kho\u1ea3ng 30s v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i. D\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh dung d\u1ecbch ch\u00ec axetat v\u1ec1 54 \u00b0brix v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch l\u1ecdc trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eadt m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 pol v\u00e0 ch\u1edd kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng 10 min. Cho n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda m\u1eabu v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 110ml \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea1ch 100ml. Th\u00eam t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch ch\u00ec axetat \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00ec d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea1ch 110ml. L\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u1ecdc qua gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc, tr\u00e1ng b\u1ecf 10ml \u0111\u1ebfn 20ml dung d\u1ecbch l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Cho dung d\u1ecbch l\u1ecdc v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1eabu c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i danh \u0111\u1ecbnh 200mm. \u0110\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1eabu v\u00e0o m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 pol, \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. M\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu th\u1eed; t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed, vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o; m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft thao t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An D\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/vietq.vn\/phuong-phap-lay-mau-va-xac-dinh-tap-chat-chu-duong-cua-mia-nguyen-lieu-theo-tcvn-137452023s24-d223582.html\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda s\u1ebd l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh acid cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH th\u1ea5p n\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 pH theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ea1i Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia TCVN 13745:2023. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia TCVN 13745:2023 v\u1ec1 m\u00eda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":35191,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35190"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35190\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35192,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35190\/revisions\/35192"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}