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<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00e1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2021. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – World Bank trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho bi\u1ebft, 30 n\u0103m qua, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng GDP nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb 1990 \u0111\u1ebfn 2021, GDP b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 5,3%, nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi 3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1: t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n nhanh; ngu\u1ed3n cung lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o; t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, World Bank c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ef3 t\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 64% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2010-2020, nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng khu v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng v\u1ed1n FDI l\u1edbn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (AFO), n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 6,4 \u0111\u00f4-la tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 2\/3 Philippines, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng 1\/2 so v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 1\/10 so v\u1edbi Singapore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c gia trong khu v\u1ef1c. \u1ea2nh: WB <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, TS V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Linh – c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Swinburne t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc FPT cho bi\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n Philippines v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m Th\u00e1i Lan bao nhi\u00eau n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin g\u00e2y s\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a v\u00ec “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Singapore l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” (tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (NSL\u0110) l\u00e0 g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn. NSL\u0110 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng) chia cho nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh hay m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n vi m\u00f4 v\u00e0 v\u0129 m\u00f4. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u00fd c\u1ee7a NSL\u0110 trong m\u1ed9t doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng NSL\u0110 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Khi \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00ec NSL\u0110 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng GDP chia cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf). D\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau GDP tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ed1n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng), c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i… Vi\u1ec7c NSL\u0110 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Singapore, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan hay Singapore. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (hay gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng) ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/2 \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 \u1edf Singapore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 NSL\u0110 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c NSL\u0110 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c? Theo TS V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Linh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 t\u00ean b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n trung b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3i tr\u00ean n\u00ean NSL\u0110 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thua k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u1edf y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o: v\u1edbi hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u01a1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 NSL\u0110 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 do c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n c\u00f2n Singapore c\u00f3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gia t\u0103ng NSL\u0110 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc thu nh\u1eadp cao. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2023, Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 1305\/Q\u0110-TTg ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 T\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 6,5%\/n\u0103m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau NSL\u0110 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c thi cao v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 \u1ea9n \u1edf b\u00ean trong n\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m d\u1ee5ng v\u1ed1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u1edbi c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1\u2026 S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a NSL\u0110 nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t theo khung th\u1eddi gian (c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia) trong khi s\u1ef1 so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 NSL\u0110 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eafm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng trong kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p v\u0129 m\u00f4 v\u00e0 vi m\u00f4, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n t\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (total factor productivity trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 TFP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 2% trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 2014 t\u1edbi 2018, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng GDP c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u00ecn chung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong khi t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p 1,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m trong gia t\u0103ng TFP \u1edf c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00fat th\u1eaft cho gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cao trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m cao hay c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 missing middle).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, trong khi s\u1eafp qua th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng NSL\u0110 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng TFP? TS V\u0169 Ho\u00e0ng Linh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o 2 \u00fd ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng qua \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gia t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p sang c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dd th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cam k\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/vietq.vn\/Images\/Duytrinh\/2024\/02\/26\/nang%20suat%20lao%20dong%201.webp\")
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