{"id":32957,"date":"2023-08-17T11:33:39","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T04:33:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32957"},"modified":"2023-08-17T11:33:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T04:33:52","slug":"o-nhiem-vi-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/o-nhiem-vi-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c vi nh\u1ef1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastic)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia – NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastics) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 mm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, sinh v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “nh\u1ef1a nano\u201d (nanoplastics) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1\u00b5m \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi cho vi nh\u1ef1a. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastic) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 1\u00b5m – 5mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh vi nh\u1ef1a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, theo \u0111\u00f3, vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 3 nh\u00f3m xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Vi nh\u1ef1a s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t)<\/em>: L\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 microbeads, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 kem \u0111\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m,…. ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 phun kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch r\u1ec9 r\u00e9t, s\u01a1n keo m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, v\u1ecf thuy\u1ec1n\u2026. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi nh\u1ef1a s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (98%) ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 2% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 48% vi nh\u1ef1a s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p (1,5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, 52% c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Vi nh\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p (th\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t)<\/em>: L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n nh\u1ef1a l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Vi nh\u1ef1a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c:<\/em> L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 trong r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ee5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i vi nh\u1ef1a s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i vi nh\u1ef1a khi gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01a1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a, vi nh\u1ef1a cao su do l\u1ed1p xe hao m\u00f2n\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a l\u1ecdt qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i ra s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3, ao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 lan ra r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. Vi nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u00e3i ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ef1a, r\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00f9n th\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam \u00c1 (18,3%) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 (17,2%), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1 (15,9%), Trung Qu\u1ed1c (15,8%) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng (15,0%). T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sinh vi nh\u1ef1a th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 (9,1%) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng (8,7%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi nh\u1ef1a trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 vi nh\u1ef1a d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 172.000 MPs\/m 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 519.000 MPs\/m 3 v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 vi nh\u1ef1a d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3nh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 MPs\/m 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 223 MPs\/m 3 ) (Lisa Lahens v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2018). Vi nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Ti\u1ec1n Giang, C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd v\u00e0 B\u00e0 R\u1ecba – V\u0169ng T\u00e0u v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 0,04 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,82 m\u1ea9u\/m 3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1ea7n Gi\u1edd v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng Ti\u1ec1n Giang. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a vi nh\u1ef1a t\u1ea1i ba v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp trung trong kho\u1ea3ng 0,25-0,5mm v\u00e0 1-2,8mm, v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng (Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ea3o Nguy\u00ean, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a h\u00f2a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea1ng v\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, hydrocacbon th\u01a1m \u0111a v\u00f2ng (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u clo h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (OCP), d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 ete diphenyl polybromated (PBDEs), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y brom h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ec v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m d\u1ebbo phthalate. V\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng tan v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb t\u00edch l\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt theo chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du s\u1ebd \u0103n vi nh\u1ef1a, c\u00e1 b\u00e9 l\u1ea1i \u0103n sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i \u0103n c\u00e1 b\u00e9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a, l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft. V\u00ec 2 l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a trong sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ee7y sinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf lo\u00e0i v\u1eb9m xanh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1, t\u00f4m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng L\u00f2ng T\u00e0u – h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n – \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai (Phuong &nnk, 2019; Kieu Le &nnk, 2021). M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 vi nh\u1ef1a \u1edf v\u1eb9m xanh ch\u00e2u \u00c1 (Perna viridis) l\u00e0 0,29 (\u00b1 0,14) vi nh\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1 gam tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 2,60 (\u00b1 1,14) vi nh\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3, lo\u1ea1i vi nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Polypropylene (PP) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a dung m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 Polyester c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (Phuong &nnk, 2019). \u1ede c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (Metapenaeus ensis – t\u00f4m \u0111\u1ea5t, Metapenaeus brevicornis – t\u00f4m b\u1ea1c, Cynoglossus punchticeps -c\u00e1 l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00e2u, Scianidae – c\u00e1 l\u00f9 \u0111\u00f9, Polynemus melanochir – c\u00e1 ph\u00e8n, Pseudapocryptes elongatus – c\u00e1 k\u00e8o,Clupeoides borneensis – c\u00e1 c\u01a1m v\u00e0 Glossogobius sp. – c\u00e1 b\u1ed1ng c\u00e1t), vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 vi nh\u1ef1a d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee3i vi nh\u1ef1a trung b\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1, t\u00f4m n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 0,33 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,41 s\u1ee3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t gam tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1 k\u00e8o v\u00e0 t\u00f4m b\u1ea1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee3i vi nh\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1,33 \u0111\u1ebfn 9,33 s\u1ee3i v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1 ph\u00e8n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 c\u01a1m (Kieu Le &nnk, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a v\u1ee1 s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ho\u00f3c-m\u00f4n, m\u1eafc c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n kinh, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e3o b\u1ed9, g\u00e2y t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0, tim m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt cho th\u1ea5y vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e3o kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1ecb v\u1eadt x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00e1u. Vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 trong b\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00edt th\u1edf v\u00e0o. V\u00ec vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00ean 10 micromet n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y, l\u00f4ng mao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p tr\u00ean b\u1eaft gi\u1eef v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ra qua h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, ho, x\u1ec9 m\u0169i, kh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0m nh\u1ea7y\u2026 N\u1ebfu vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ebf nang, kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i. Vi nh\u1ef1a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng chai ho\u1eb7c \u0103n c\u00e1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 24\/3\/2022, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 Lan, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a trong m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n xung quanh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a trong m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Environmental Science & Technology v\u00e0o  ng\u00e0y 10\/8\/2023, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Anzhen B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 9 lo\u1ea1i vi nh\u1ef1a trong 5 lo\u1ea1i m\u00f4 tim c\u1ee7a 15 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tia laser v\u00e0 tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u1ea3nh vi nh\u1ef1a ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a metyl metacryit, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y tinh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ba ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a tim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc British Columbia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t tannin (ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb ch\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y) v\u00e0o l\u1edbp b\u1ee5i g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u1ecdc 99,9% c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean EU \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m. Nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2021. Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb EU thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u1edf quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c vi nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3i vi nh\u1ef1a t\u1eeb v\u1ea3i, l\u1ed1p xe, s\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a c\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ef1a k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u00fai th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y trong sinh ho\u1ea1t; t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc; t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00fai th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng; s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00fai ni-l\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m vi nh\u1ef1a Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Thanh An, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00f9y Anh, B\u00f9i Th\u1ecb Thu Hi\u1ec1n, L\u00ea Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n Nga, NXB Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

University of British Columbia. “Microplastic pollution: Plants could be the answer: Device uses wood dust to trap up to 99.9 per cent of microplastics in water.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 August 2023. <www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2023\/08\/230816114220.htm>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/quanly.moitruongvadothi.vn\/28\/12214\/O-nhiem-moi-truong-do-vi-nhua.aspx%C2%A0<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.vjsonline.org\/news\/1529483835<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.eurofins.vn<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/lan-dau-phat-hien-hat-vi-nhua-trong-tim-nguoi-4640496.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/hat-vi-nhua-trong-mau-co-gay-hai-suc-khoe-4444479.html<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c vi nh\u1ef1a \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastic) Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia – NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), vi nh\u1ef1a (microplastics) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi 5 mm, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32957"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32959,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32957\/revisions\/32959"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}