{"id":32691,"date":"2023-07-25T16:27:29","date_gmt":"2023-07-25T09:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32691"},"modified":"2023-07-25T16:27:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T09:27:39","slug":"vai-tro-cua-vi-sinh-vat-doi-voi-cay-trong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/vai-tro-cua-vi-sinh-vat-doi-voi-cay-trong\/","title":{"rendered":"Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111a b\u00e0o nh\u00e2n s\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edch<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch hay vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria\/PGPR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n sinh h\u1ecdc (biofertilizer) hay t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft v\u00e0 phosphate. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c phytohormone nh\u01b0 auxin, cytokinins, gibberellic acid (GA3<\/sub>), \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ethylene, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (He et al., 2019) gi\u00fap c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c stress sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 phi sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m (Nit\u01a1) c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Nit\u01a1 (N2<\/sub>) trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ea1m (Nit\u01a1 \u2013 N) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m \u1edf d\u1ea1ng NH4<\/sub>+ hay NO3<\/sub>-. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 Nit\u01a1 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng sinh. G\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 gram \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 mg ni-t\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 1 gram \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a 15 mg ni-t\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m t\u1ea3o lam s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ni-t\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c t\u1ea3o n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quang h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng sinh. G\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ed9ng sinh v\u1edbi r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu bao g\u1ed3m 2 gi\u1ed1ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Rhizobium<\/em> v\u00e0 Bradyrhizobium<\/em>. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Rhizobium<\/em> l\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ni-t\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Rhizobium<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng sinh c\u1ee7a b\u00e8o hoa d\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng sinh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3o lam v\u00e0 b\u00e8o hoa d\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o lam Anabaena<\/em> ra th\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Cyanobacterium<\/em>\u2026c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1nh b\u00e8o hoa d\u00e2u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00fai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ni-t\u01a1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 100 kg N\/ha\/n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed9ng sinh li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3u quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e2y h\u1ecd h\u00f2a b\u1ea3n, quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng sinh li\u00ean k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 malic acid cho vi khu\u1ea9n, v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N2<\/sub>. C\u1ed9ng sinh li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 m\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 l\u00faa c\u1ea1n, b\u1eafp, m\u00eda, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf. Vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m: Azospirillum lipoferum<\/em>, A. Brasilense<\/em> v\u00e0 Azotobacter<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed9ng sinh c\u1ee7a x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n Frankia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2y g\u1ed7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t phi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5 r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ea5t hoang, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i l\u00e2n <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phospho (L\u00e2n) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 hai sau nit\u01a1, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a L\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ch\u00edn qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong \u0111\u1ea5t phospho t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p thu c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng do \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi sinh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: vi khu\u1ea9n, x\u1ea1 khu\u1ea9n (Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes<\/em> \u2026) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m (Penicillium, Aspergillus<\/em> \u2026). Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ra acid v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 pH ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phosphate kh\u00f3 tan trong \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c chi Pseudomonas, Enterobacter,  Bacillus<\/em>,  Serratia<\/em> v\u00e0  Pantoea<\/em>, Rhizobium, Arthrobacter<\/em>, Burkholderia<\/em>, v\u00e0 Rahnella aquatilis<\/em> HX2 (Zhang v\u00e0 cs. 2019), Leclercia adecarboxylata<\/em>,  v\u00e0 vi n\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 Penicillium brevicompactum<\/em>,  Aspergillus niger<\/em> (Rojas v\u00e0 cs. 2018; Whitelaw 1999), v\u00e0 Acremonium, Hymenella<\/em> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh v\u1eadt ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i phosphate kh\u00f3 tan (Rawat v\u00e0 cs., 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i Kali <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 Kali c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi sinh v\u1eadt gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i Kali \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Bacillus mucilaginosus<\/em> ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea5m Aspergillus<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 Kali m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: s\u1eaft, mangan,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Enterobacter<\/em>\u2026  Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e2y, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus<\/em> v\u1eeba t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p IAA, Gibberellins v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh N2<\/sub>, Ch\u1ee7ng Bacillus amyloliquefaciens<\/em> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quang m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 IAA, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u1edbi sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e8o t\u1ea5m (Lemna minor<\/em>). Vi khu\u1ea9n Pseudomonas putida <\/em> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u IAA v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 Pseudomonas<\/em> spp., Burkholderia caryophylli, Achromobacter piechaudii<\/em> c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ethylene trong c\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p enzyme 1\u2010aminocyclopropane\u20101\u2010carboxylic acid (ACC)\u2010deaminase ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ethylene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 4 nh\u00f3m vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng. Vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0o t\u1eed hay c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0o gi\u00fap cho s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do trong \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, \u0103n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 chui v\u00e0o trong r\u1ec5 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ebdn m\u1ea1ch (b\u00f3 g\u1ed7) l\u00e0m c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y. N\u1ea5m s\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t hay trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp n\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc hay n\u1ea5m tr\u1ee9ng (l\u1edbp Oomycetes), ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00fd sinh v\u00e0o r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m Pythium<\/em> v\u00e0 Phytophthora<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Pseudonomas<\/em> x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o r\u1ec5 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e9o xanh cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i rau m\u00e0u. Vi khu\u1ea9n Pseudomonas solanacearum<\/em> t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y l\u00e0m h\u01b0 b\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e9o v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u1ebfm kh\u00ed vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Nitrat h\u00f3a l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (Etylic, Butylic) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 CH4<\/sub>, H2<\/sub>S g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ea5m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ea5m trong \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • Lo\u00e0i Fisarium<\/em> ( g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o v\u00e0ng)<\/li>
  • Lo\u00e0i Phytophthora<\/em> v\u00e0 Pythium<\/em> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i r\u1ec5<\/li>
  • Rhizotonia<\/em> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o r\u0169<\/li>
  • Sclerotium<\/em> g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh th\u1ed1i th\u00e2n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1ea5m g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • B\u1ec7nh l\u00ean l\u00e1 (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ea9m): G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 Septoria, Colletotrichum<\/em>.<\/li>
    • G\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh trong \u0111\u1ea5t theo d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p: G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia.<\/em><\/li>
    • G\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t theo d\u1ea1ng l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng: G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia<\/em>.<\/li>
    • D\u1ecbch b\u00e0o t\u1eed (c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi): G\u1ed3m h\u00e9o vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m Fusarium<\/em>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t tham gia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Lo\u00e0i Meloidogyne<\/em> g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng u b\u01b0\u1edbu r\u1ec5<\/li>
      • C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Dytylenchus, Pratylenchus<\/em> g\u00e2y th\u1ed1i \u0111en<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00e2y b\u1ecb tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n do k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh, vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp qua v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean r\u1ec5 do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111a b\u00e0o nh\u00e2n s\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. Vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00edch C\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu \u00edch hay vi sinh v\u1eadt k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32691"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32700,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32691\/revisions\/32700"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}