{"id":32503,"date":"2023-07-07T16:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T09:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32503"},"modified":"2023-07-07T16:00:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T09:00:26","slug":"tong-quan-ve-cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-gen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tong-quan-ve-cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-gen\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ v\u00e0 ex-situ v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (H\u00ecnh 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u <em>in-situ<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u <em>in-situ<\/em> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u201ct\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7\u201d. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef sinh quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1eefu b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng: Ngu\u1ed3n gen gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng, hom gi\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n gen t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed5 sung cho v\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"587\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-gen.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-gen.png 587w, https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Cac-phuong-phap-bao-ton-gen-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" \/><figcaption>H\u00ecnh 1: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen [1, 2]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u <em>ex-situ<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m thu th\u1eadp, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n n\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111ang \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111e do\u1ea1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ. B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp; V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Botanic gardens) \u2013 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ex-situ, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0&nbsp; thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gi\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u. [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng (Seed banks) \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi botanic gardens. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nhanh c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gene (Field gene banks) \u2013 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen cho ph\u00e9p c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nhanh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy h\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt [1].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>+ K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n m\u1ea7m ph\u00f4i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gene y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e2y ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>+ K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n cryo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -196 <sup>0<\/sup>C trong nitrogen l\u1ecfng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh d\u00e0nh cho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n ph\u1ea5n hoa nh\u01b0: bao ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u00e1 thu\u1ef7 tinh, bao ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 thu\u1ef7 tinh, h\u00fat \u1ea9m, ti\u1ec1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ti\u1ec1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00fat \u1ea9m, \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u1ecdt nh\u1ecf [2].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>+ K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y m\u00f4 cho b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u2013 m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng in-vitro g\u1ed3m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, c\u00e1c m\u00f4, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1ec1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng [2].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>+ B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n DNA &#8211; \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -20 <sup>0<\/sup>C, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u00edt chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gen c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n gen gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 r\u1eebng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u&nbsp; cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c [3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]. Sen, T., Samanta, S.K, (2015), <em>Medicinal plants, human health and biodiversity: a broad review<\/em>, Advance Biochemical Engineering Biotechnology, 147:59-110.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]. Kasagana, V.N., &amp; Karumuri, S.S. (2011), <em>Conservation Of Medicinal Plants (Past, Present &amp; Future Trends),<\/em> Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(8), p. 1378-1386.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3]. Kadam, S. T. v\u00e0 A. D. Pawar (2020), <em>Conservation of medicinal plants: a review<\/em>. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal, ISSN: 2320 5091.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n in-situ v\u00e0 ex-situ v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (H\u00ecnh 1). Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u in-situ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gen c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u in-situ l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n gen t\u1ef1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32506,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32503\/revisions\/32506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}