{"id":32500,"date":"2023-07-07T15:38:28","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T08:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32500"},"modified":"2023-07-07T15:38:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-07T08:38:37","slug":"vuon-quoc-gia-lo-go-xa-mat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/vuon-quoc-gia-lo-go-xa-mat\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Ninh kho\u1ea3ng 35 km, c\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kho\u1ea3ng 135 km. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f9ng l\u00f5i V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia 19.204 ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m: Ph\u00e2n khu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (8.198 ha), ph\u00e2n khu ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sinh th\u00e1i (10.877 ha), ph\u00e2n D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – H\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh (129 ha). V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec7m V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 18.600 ha thu\u1ed9c 4 x\u00e3 T\u00e2n L\u1eadp, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, H\u00f2a Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Th\u1ea1nh T\u00e2y. V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y gi\u00e1p Campuchia, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng V\u00e0m C\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2n L\u1eadp – T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00eda Nam gi\u00e1p v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 H\u00f2a Hi\u1ec7p [1, 2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2-Xa M\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong kho\u1ea3ng 5 \u2013 20m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00f2 cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 25m so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c trung b\u00ecnh 1o<\/sup> – 5o<\/sup>. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh cho V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 – Xa M\u00e1t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, tr\u0169ng v\u00e0 g\u00f2 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0u ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch d\u00e0y, phong h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i laterit v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa c\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba m\u1ea1o san b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p tr\u0169ng l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1t trong th\u1ec1m c\u1ed5. Vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i laterit l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 oxyt s\u1eaft-nh\u00f4m. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i laterit n\u00e0y th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3ng, b\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ng\u1eadp m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu T\u00e2y Ninh hay c\u1ea3 Nam b\u1ed9 n\u00f3i chung c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 1.300mm\/n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1.900mm\/n\u0103m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 2.000mm (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 2.300mm), ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10. M\u00f9a m\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trung b\u00ecnh 6 th\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 8 th\u00e1ng (c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a tr\u00ean 100mm) [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee7y v\u0103n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u2013 S\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u do ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng cao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u00f4ng V\u00e0m C\u1ecf \u0110\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i \u0110a Ha v\u00e0 c\u00e1c su\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 4 – 5 m khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n 20m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (140- 240 m3<\/sup> \/ng\u00e0y). T\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ph\u00f9 sa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chua do t\u00edch t\u1ee5 s\u1eaft trong t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (2006), h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao c\u1ee7a r\u1eebng L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 694 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 395 chi c\u1ee7a 115 h\u1ecd trong 60 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a 5 ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng nguy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xanh c\u00e2y l\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng theo m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng Sao D\u1ea7u th\u1ee9 sinh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a: (1) tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ferralit n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 (2) tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t ferralit s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng kh\u00f4 th\u01b0a th\u1ee9 sinh ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u1ecd Sao D\u1ea7u (Dipterocarpaceae) v\u00e0 Tr\u00e0m (Melaleuca).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Ki\u1ec3u r\u1eebng kh\u00f4 ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i gai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

+ Tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 + R\u1eebng th\u1ee9 sinh c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ven s\u00f4ng, l\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i [1, 2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i n\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n gen qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u1eddn Qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 -Xa m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n T\u00e2n Bi\u00ean (1980) \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 309 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 235 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0: Chi\u00eau li\u00eau, Ba k\u00edch l\u00f4ng, B\u00e1ch b\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i phong t\u1eed, V\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eafng (Coscinium fenestratum<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t berberin \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng \u1edf T\u00e2y Ninh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u0103m 2006 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 179 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 67 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 694 lo\u00e0i\/115 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c.  X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 486 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh (chi\u1ebfm 70% s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3) thu\u1ed9c 322 chi, 104 h\u1ecd c\u1ee7a 4 ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh D\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9, ng\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0nh H\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh H\u1ea1t k\u00edn [3, 4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 04 lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi g\u1ed3m: B\u01b0\u1edbm b\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t hoa \u2013 Aphaenandra uniflora<\/em>; Ch\u00f9m \u0111u\u00f4ng \u2013 Sphaerocoryne affinis<\/em>; Huy\u1ebft r\u1ed3ng \u2013 Spatholobus suberectus<\/em> v\u00e0 B\u1ea1ch tu l\u00e1 qu\u1ebf – Naravella laurifolia<\/em>. \u0110\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n theo thang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2007), Danh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecf IUCN (2013) v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 84\/2021\/N\u0110-CP c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; 10 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c n\u1eb1m trong Danh m\u1ee5c v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c Y h\u1ecdc C\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf (2013). C\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 06 nh\u00f3m d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 133 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 27,4% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i, c\u00e2y th\u00e2n th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 114 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 29,6%, c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 97 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 20%, d\u00e2y leo c\u00f3 87 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 17,9%, c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 44 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 9,1% v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 sinh c\u00f3 11 lo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm 2,3%. Theo \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: c\u00f3 7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh; c\u00f3 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng trong v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 17 nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn 54 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 10 lo\u00e0i: \u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng, \u0110\u1eadu x\u01b0\u01a1ng, D\u00e2y g\u00f9i, D\u00e2y g\u1ea5m, Huy\u1ebft r\u1ed3ng, M\u00f3ng b\u00f2, S\u00e2m cau, Chanh r\u1eebng, B\u00e1 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 C\u00e1t l\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n thu h\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp m\u1eabu ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a 106 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 87 chi c\u1ee7a 47 h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng V\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1.792 m2<\/sup> v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 56 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 439 c\u00e2y [3, 4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2009, Phan K\u1ebf L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t, t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh\u201d b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 152 lo\u00e0i Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 N\u1ea5m l\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c 130 chi, 74 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c. [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t n\u0103m 2012 cho th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa v\u1edbi 433 lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a 299 chi trong 99 h\u1ecd, c\u1ee7a 54 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c 4 ng\u00e0nh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd gi\u00e0u lo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c v\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ecd C\u00e0 ph\u00ea (Rubiaceae) c\u00f3 36 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 8,31% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia), h\u1ecd Th\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u (Euphorbiaceae) c\u00f3 24 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 5,54%), h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu 20 (Fabaceae) c\u00f3 20 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 4,62%), h\u1ecd Na (Annonaceae), h\u1ecd Tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e0o (Apocynaceae) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd H\u00f2a th\u1ea3o (Poaceae) c\u00f3 15 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 3,46%), h\u1ecd Vang (Caesalpiniaceae) c\u00f3 13 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 3,00%), h\u1ecd D\u00e2u t\u1eb1m (Moraceae) c\u00f3 12 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 2,77%), h\u1ecd Hoa m\u00f5m ch\u00f3 (Scrophulariaceae) c\u00f3 10 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 2,31%) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd Mua (Melastomataceae) c\u00f3 9 lo\u00e0i (chi\u1ebfm 2,08%)  [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y th\u00e2n th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 – Xa M\u00e1t c\u00f3 97 lo\u00e0i  chi\u1ebfm 22,40% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng, su\u1ed1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ea3ng c\u1ecf nh\u01b0: Tr\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111en, Tr\u1ea3ng T\u00e0 N\u1ed1t, Tr\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea7u b\u00f2 \u2013 Tr\u1ea3ng Mi\u00ean\u2026 V\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea3ng \u0110\u01b0ng (Scleria levis Retz.), tr\u1ea3ng Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n (Adenosma bracteosum<\/em> Bonati), tr\u1ea3ng N\u0103ng ng\u1ecdt (Eleocharis dulcis<\/em> (Burm.f.) Hensch.)\u2026 H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y th\u00e2n th\u1ea3o l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: h\u1ecd H\u00f2a th\u1ea3o (Poaceae), h\u1ecd Hoa m\u00f5m ch\u00f3 (Scrophulariaceae), h\u1ecd \u0110\u1eadu (Fabaceae), h\u1ecd G\u1eebng (Zingiberaceae), h\u1ecd C\u00f3i (Cyperaceae) [4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u01b0a ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\u2026 khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c thu mua c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee3t thu mua m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf thu mua, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb t\u1eadn thu. Do hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 khai th\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u trong V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu h\u00e1i. L\u00e0m cho t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 \u0110\u1eadu x\u01b0\u01a1ng\/\u0110au x\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng, S\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eedng, \u0110\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng nam, D\u00e2y Linh, S\u00e1ng l\u1ecdc, Huy\u1ebft r\u1ed3ng m\u00e1u, L\u1ea1c ti\u00ean, Kim lu\u00f4n, Qu\u1ea3ng mao, B\u1ed3 h\u00fat, Trung Qu\u00e2n, Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda, Kim ti\u1ec1n th\u1ea3o\u2026n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia [3]. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]. Vi\u1ec7n Sinh h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (2006), \u0110i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t<\/em>, B\u00e1o c\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc. Tr. 28-35, 37-45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]. Ph\u00e2n vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra Quy ho\u1ea1ch r\u1eebng Nam b\u1ed9 – V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t (2010), “B\u00e1o c\u00e1o quy ho\u1ea1ch v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2012-2020<\/em>“. Tr. 6-15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]. L\u00fd Ng\u1ecdc S\u00e2m, Nguy\u1ec5n Vinh Hi\u1ec3n (2007), Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t, t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh<\/em>, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt l\u1ea7n 2, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Lu\u1eadn (2012), Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n Th\u1ea1c s\u1ef9 ng\u00e0nh Sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc, \u0110i\u1ec1u tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 – Xa M\u00e1t, t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh. <\/em>\u0110HSP TP HCM, Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia L\u00f2 G\u00f2 \u2013 Xa M\u00e1t n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2y Ninh, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u00e2y Ninh kho\u1ea3ng 35 km, c\u00e1ch Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kho\u1ea3ng 135 km. T\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f9ng l\u00f5i V\u01b0\u1eddn qu\u1ed1c gia 19.204 ha, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m: Ph\u00e2n khu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32500"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32500\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32502,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32500\/revisions\/32502"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32501"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}