{"id":32493,"date":"2023-07-06T15:23:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T08:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32493"},"modified":"2023-07-06T15:23:13","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T08:23:13","slug":"tong-quan-ve-cay-nhan-tran-tia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tong-quan-ve-cay-nhan-tran-tia\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e2y Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda thu\u1ed9c chi nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4ng y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hay c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd hoa m\u00f5m s\u00f3i (Scrophulariaceae) [1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, chi nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15 lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00dac [2, 3]. \u1ede L\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 lo\u00e0i, Campuchia c\u00f3 6 lo\u00e0i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 7 lo\u00e0i g\u1ed3m: Adenosma bracteosum<\/em>, Adenosma caeruleum, Adesnosma hirsuta, Adenosma indianum, Adenosma javania, Adenosma microcephala, Adenosma glutinosum<\/em>. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba lo\u00e0i Adenosma caeruleum<\/em> R. Br., Adenosma indianum<\/em> (Lour.) Merr. v\u00e0 Adenosma bracteosum<\/em> Bonati \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 2 lo\u00e0i Adenosma caeruleum<\/em> R. Br., Adenosma indianum<\/em> (Lour.) Merr. ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, lo\u00e0i Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda Adenosma bracteosum<\/em> Bonati c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00e0i t\u1ec9nh ph\u00eda nam nh\u01b0 T\u00e2y Ninh, B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, khu v\u1ef1c V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ea3o Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 C\u00f4n \u0110\u1ea3o, Kon Tum, \u0110\u1eafk L\u1eafk [4, 5].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt Chi Adenosma<\/em> thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Scrophulariaceae \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 hoa c\u1ee7a Takhtajan (2009) c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau [6]:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Plantae)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n gi\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1eadc cao (Cormobionta)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh Ng\u1ecdc lan (Magnoliophyta)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1edbp Ng\u1ecdc lan (Magnoliopsida)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp Hoa m\u00f4i (Lamiidae)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 Hoa m\u00f4i (Lamiales<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd Hoa m\u00f5m s\u00f3i (Scrophulariaceae<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi Adenosma<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6, ra hoa v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 10 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1ng 11, t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 12. C\u00e2y \u01b0a s\u00e1ng, \u01b0a \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ra hoa. N\u01a1i m\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t pha c\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e8n. C\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1m, c\u00f3 khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng [6]. Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ng\u1eafn, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 5 \u2013 6 th\u00e1ng r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0n r\u1ee5i [6].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda l\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u00e2n th\u1ea3o, cao 30 \u2013 40 cm, th\u00e2n tr\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n vu\u00f4ng, th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb5n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebfn r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm \u0111\u1ecf. To\u00e0n c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m.  L\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i, h\u00ecnh m\u00e1c thu\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1ng, d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2 \u2013 2,5 cm, r\u1ed9ng 6 \u2013 8 mm, m\u00e9p l\u00e1 r\u0103ng c\u01b0a, g\u00e2n l\u00e1 h\u00ecnh l\u00f4ng chim, g\u00e2n l\u00e1 n\u1ed5i r\u00f5 \u1edf m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u00f3 \u00edt l\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn, l\u00e1 khi kh\u00f4 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 r\u1ee5ng. C\u1ee5m hoa d\u1ea1ng b\u00f4ng (gi\u00e9), m\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e0nh, d\u00e0i 1,5 \u2013 5 cm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e0i hoa c\u00f3 5 l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0i h\u00ecnh tim nh\u1ecdn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, r\u1eddi nhau, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u00e9p. Hoa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh. Tr\u00e0ng hoa c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u t\u00edm, d\u00ednh nhau b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng cao 6 mm, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean chia 2 m\u00f4i 2\/3. M\u00f4i tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c g\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n; m\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi chia 3 th\u00f9y h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng nhau, c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean. Ti\u1ec1n khai hoa: 2 c\u00e1nh hoa sau ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean 2 c\u00e1nh b\u00ean, 2 c\u00e1nh b\u00ean ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean c\u00e1nh hoa tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1ecb m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, r\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, 2 nh\u1ecb d\u00e0i, 2 nh\u1ecb ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng tr\u00e0ng xen k\u1ebd c\u00e1nh hoa. Bao ph\u1ea5n 1 \u00f4 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, n\u1ee9t d\u1ecdc, h\u01b0\u1edbng trong, \u0111\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. H\u1ea1t ph\u1ea5n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, r\u1eddi, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u00e2n h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1ng. L\u00e1 no\u00e3n 2, b\u1ea7u tr\u00ean 2 \u00f4, m\u1ed7i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec1u no\u00e3n, \u0111\u00ednh no\u00e3n trung tr\u1ee5, gi\u00e1 no\u00e3n l\u1ed3i. B\u1ea7u no\u00e3n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh elip, m\u00e0u xanh. 1 v\u00f2i nh\u1ee5y h\u00ecnh s\u1ee3i, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, \u0111\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh b\u1ea7u. Qu\u1ea3 nang, h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0u xanh, mang \u0111\u00e0i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, khi ch\u00edn t\u1ef1 m\u1edf th\u00e0nh 2 m\u1ea3nh. H\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0u n\u00e2u hay \u0111en [6].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam, ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0: carvacrol trong tinh d\u1ea7u Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tinh d\u1ea7u, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m hydroxyl t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c phenol [7]. Carvacrol gi\u00fap \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n, vi n\u1ea5m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus mitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa v\u00e0 Candida albican<\/em> [7]. Carvacrol l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phenolic monoterpenoid, c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, t\u00ednh \u1ea5m, h\u01a1i cay do carvacrol k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 TRPV3 v\u00e0 TRPA1 tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi [7]. Ngo\u00e0i ra, carvacrol c\u00f2n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t PPAR v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf enzyme COX-2 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111au, kh\u00e1ng vi\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi chu\u1ed9t, carvacrol nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf carvacrol ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n carvacrol trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd [8]. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a carvacrol \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed ngi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa, ung th\u01b0 gan v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh apoptosis c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 [8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]. Xuan Shen Ke (1998), Scrophulariaceae<\/em>, Flora of China, 18, pp 1-212.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]. Larry D. Estes (2008), Systematics of Gratiola (Plantaginaceae)<\/em>, Doctoral Disertation, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]. Shuiyin Liu, Hua Zhu, Jie Yang (2016), A Phylogenetic Perspective on Biogeographical Divergence of the Flora in Yunnan<\/em>, Southwestern China, Scientific Reports, 7, pp430-432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4].\u00a0 ChenWang, HongxiaZhang, QingLiu, Jinfeng Qi, Huifu Zhuang, Yi Gou, Hongbin Wang, Yuhua Wang<\/a> (2021), A review of the aromatic genus\u00a0Adenosma: Geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities<\/em>, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 275, pp114075.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]. Hoshino AA, Bravo JP, Nobile PM, Morelli KA (2012), Microsatellites as Tools for Genetic Diversity Analysis [Internet]. Genetic Diversity in Microorganisms<\/em>. IntechOpen; 2012 [cited 2021 Oct 24]. Available from: https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/28891<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]. Takhtajan A<\/a>(1980), Outline of the Classification of Flowering Plants (Magnoliophyta). Botanical Review. 46 (3): 225 359. July\u2013September 1980, <\/em>doi<\/a>:<\/em>10.1007\/bf02861558<\/a>. <\/em>JSTOR<\/a>4353970<\/a>. <\/em>S2CID<\/a>30764910<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7].  Memar, Mohammad Y. et al. (2018), Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review<\/em>, Phytother Res.<\/em>, 32(9): 1675-87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]. Bakkali, F; S. Averbeck; D.Averbeck (2007), Biological effects of essential oils \u2013 A review<\/em>, Food & Chemical Toxicology<\/em>, 46, pp. 446-475.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n t\u00eda thu\u1ed9c chi nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f4ng y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hay c\u00e1c c\u01b0 d\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd hoa m\u00f5m s\u00f3i (Scrophulariaceae) [1]. Trong \u0111\u00f3, chi nh\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 15 lo\u00e0i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32493"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32495,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32493\/revisions\/32495"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}