{"id":32402,"date":"2023-06-19T15:33:08","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T08:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32402"},"modified":"2023-06-19T15:33:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T08:33:17","slug":"mot-so-bien-phap-phong-tru-nam-benh-tren-trai-cay-co-mui-sau-thu-hoach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/mot-so-bien-phap-phong-tru-nam-benh-tren-trai-cay-co-mui-sau-thu-hoach\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00fai sau thu ho\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3, \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 chlorine, ozone, benzoat natri, Benomyl, c\u00e1c acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 PAA, acid citric, acid ascorbic, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i NaCl, NaHCO3<\/sub>. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t, chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i (electrolyzed water).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m trong danh m\u1ee5c cho ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u00fang li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>1. <\/a>Chlorine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

a. S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Chlorine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Chlorine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra sau thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn… V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng cao, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1eabn, chlorine kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i hay \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00fai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chlorine c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 g\u1ed1c halogen c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 trihalomethane, haloacetic acid, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i cay kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00f2a tan kh\u00ed Cl2<\/sub> v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh acid hypochlorous (HOCl), ion H+<\/sup>, ion Cl–<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00f2a tan chlorine d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1i (Sodium hypochloride (NaOCl)) v\u00e0 canxi hypochloride (Ca(OCl)2<\/sub>) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra acid hypochlorous v\u00e0 natri hydroxide v\u00e0 canxi hydroxit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, Chlorine d\u00f9 \u1edf d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed hay d\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1i khi cho v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra acid hypochlorous, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng chlorine t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 rau qu\u1ea3 n\u00f3i chung (Sapers, 2003).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Chlorine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Khi acid hypochlorous ph\u00e2n ly trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ion H+<\/sup> v\u00e0 ion hypochloric OCl–<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 2 d\u1ea1ng HOCl v\u00e0 OCl–<\/sup> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt. N\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p protein, DNA… c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t (Buck, 2006, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng Th\u1eafm, 2006)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n ly v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ea1ng Clo t\u1ef1 do hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>H\u00ecnh: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n li chlorine ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o pH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Ngu\u1ed3n: Kettle et al., 2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo H\u00ecnh 2.7, \u1edf pH cao (pH>8), ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a acid HOCI s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m h\u00e3m, chlorine t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion OCI-, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ion c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i k\u00e9m. \u1ede pH th\u1ea5p (pH<3) Chlorine t\u1ef1 do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng Cl2<\/sub>, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n. Nh\u00ecn chung, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n, pH c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch chlorine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 pH = 6,5-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>2. Sodium bicarbonate<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sodium bicarbonate hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 baking soda, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 NaHCO3<\/sub>. Sodium bicarbonatel\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Penicillium digitatum<\/em> v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i sodium bicacbonat \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c xanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 li\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (ED50<\/sub>) \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed P. digitatum<\/em> c\u1ee7a natri bicacbonat l\u00e0 14,1mM (Smilanick et al.,<\/em> 1999).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>3. Acid citric<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Acid citric l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong chu tr\u00ecnh acid v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Acid citric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Citrus. C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng acid citric kh\u00e1c nhau. Acid citric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o v\u1ecb chua trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Acid citric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh pH c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec acid citric c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u rau c\u1ee7, v\u1eeba c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u1eeba c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o rau c\u1ee7. Theo T\u1ed1ng Th\u1ecb \u00c1nh Ng\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ctv.,<\/em> (2010) khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a rau m\u00e1 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 acid citric 1% c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 (2,77 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb log) v\u00e0 m\u1eadt s\u1ed1 Coliforms (2,01 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb log) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3m quan c\u1ee7a rau m\u00e1 sau khi r\u1eeda v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a>4. Calcium chloride<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Calcium chloride hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 canxi clorua, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 CaCl2<\/sub>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc cho rau, qu\u1ea3. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng calcium trong tr\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calcium c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m cho v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee9ng ch\u1eafc (Lara et al.,<\/em> 2004) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ec1m khi ch\u00edn. Ion Ca2+<\/sup>c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai pectic li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 b\u1edfi nh\u00f3m carboxyl t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pectic acid \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c pectate \u1edf phi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a v\u00e1ch t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Theo Luna-Guzm\u00e1n & Barrett (2000) mu\u1ed1i calcium t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>5. Natri clorua<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u1ed1i NaCl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi sinh v\u1eadt. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0m cho th\u00e0nh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt co l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean sinh ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o vi sinh v\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng co nguy\u00ean sinh l\u00e2u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i 6% th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a NaCl ch\u1ed1ng vi sinh v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, aw<\/sub> v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi sinh v\u1eadt. Khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng shock th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft (Sperber, 1983).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf vi sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a NaCl ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 pH, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i, lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt \u1edf d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0: Mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vi sinh v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 3,5- 4,5 th\u00ec mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh; Do c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i n\u00ean oxy \u00edt h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh s\u1ed1ng; Do ion Clo k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi protein \u1edf d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i peptit kh\u1ebfn c\u00e1c men ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed protid \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>6. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng (Water Heat Treatment) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i sau thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1i ngon c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u00f3i (\u1edf 38-46\u00baC trong v\u00f2ng 12 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn 4 ng\u00e0y) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh do vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra (Klein & Lurie, 1991). Theo Fallik (2004), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 43-53\u00baC v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn 2 gi\u1edd. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00edn thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau c\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt qu\u1ea3; k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, rau c\u1ee7; kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gia t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecf qu\u1ea3 (bi\u1ebfn n\u00e2u), l\u00f5m, h\u00f3a v\u00e0ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau xanh, t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 do nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1i r\u1eeda, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh do c\u00e1c b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp bi\u1ec3u b\u00ec c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau tr\u00e1i (Jiang et al.<\/em>, <\/em>2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fallik, E. (2004). Prestorage hot water treatments (immersion, rinsing and brushing). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 32(2), 125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2003.10.005<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kettle, A. J., Albrett, A. M., Chapman, A. L., Dickerhof, N., Forbes, L. V., Khalilova, I., & Turner, R. (2014). Measuring chlorine bleach in biology and medicine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta – General Subjects, 1840(2), 781\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.07.004<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klein, J. D., & Lurie, S. (1991). Postharvest heat treatment and fruit quality. Postharvest News and Information, 2(1), 15\u201319.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiang, Y., Zhang, Z., Joyce, D. C., & Ketsa, S. (2002). Postharvest biology and handling of longan fruit (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). Postharvest Biology and Technology, 26(3), 241\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0925-5214(02)00047-9<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lara, I., Garc, P., & Vendrell, M. (2004). Modifications in cell wall composition after cold storage of calcium-treated strawberry ( Fragaria \u00d7 ananassa Duch .) fruit. 34, 331\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2004.05.018<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luna-Guzm\u00e1n, I., & Barrett, D. M. (2000). Comparison of calcium chloride and calcium lactate effectiveness in maintaining shelf stability and quality of fresh-cut cantaloupes. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 19(1), 61\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0925-5214(00)00079-X<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u1ecdc, T. T. \u00c1., S\u01b0\u01a1ng, N. T. H., & H\u00e0, N. C. (2010). \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt s\u1ed1 vi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean rau m\u00e1. 83\u201391.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sapers, G. M. (2003). Washing and sanitizing materials for minimally processing fruits and vegetables. In Microbial Safety of Minimally Processed Foods (pp. 221\u2013253). CRC press.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Smilanick, Joseph L., Margosan, D. A., Mlikota, F., Usall, J., & Michael, I. F. (1999). Control of citrus green mold by carbonate and bicarbonate salts and the influence of commercial postharvest practices on their efficacy. Plant Disease, 83(2), 139\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1094\/PDIS.1999.83.2.139<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sperber, W.H., 1983. \u201cInfluence of Water Activity on Foodborne Bacteria-A Review 1\u201d Copyrighto. International Association of Milk. Food. Vol. 46.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ecb H\u1ed3ng, T. (2006). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Chlorine v\u00e0 tinh d\u1ea7u trong di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i cam S\u00e0nh, qu\u00fdt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edfi N\u0103m Roi sau thu ho\u1ea1ch (pp. 11\u201345). Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh Tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi sinh v\u1eadt tr\u00ean qu\u1ea3, \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 chlorine, ozone, benzoat natri, Benomyl, c\u00e1c acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 PAA, acid citric, acid ascorbic, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i NaCl, NaHCO3. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32403,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32402"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32402\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32405,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32402\/revisions\/32405"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32403"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}