{"id":32297,"date":"2023-06-01T15:19:27","date_gmt":"2023-06-01T08:19:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=32297"},"modified":"2023-06-01T15:19:37","modified_gmt":"2023-06-01T08:19:37","slug":"ung-dung-dna-ma-vach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/ung-dung-dna-ma-vach\/","title":{"rendered":"\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Paul Herbert, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Guelph, Ontario \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (Hebert, 2003). DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i DNA ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (orthologous), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u00edt b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i (r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, vi sinh v\u1eadt (L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Thu Hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt: trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh danh nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5u tr\u00f9ng), h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh: m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 lo\u00e0i nguy c\u1ea5p: DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch gi\u00fap cho c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecbt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i nguy c\u1ea5p, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u0103n b\u1eafn b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ea5m khai th\u00e1c, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Kress v\u00e0 Erickson (2007) \u1edf 96 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c 48 chi kh\u00e1c nhau cho th\u1ea5y khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch rcbL v\u00e0 trnH-psbA v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 88% so v\u1edbi 72% khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fazekas et al. (2008) so s\u00e1nh 8 v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 gene ti th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01a1n ng\u00e0nh (monophyly) t\u1eeb 92 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 32 chi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m 5 v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK v\u00e0 23S rDNA) v\u00e0 3 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH, v\u00e0 psbK-psbI). C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch locus \u0111\u01a1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 7% (23S rDNA) \u0111\u1ebfn 59% (trnH-psbA). \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i (85-100% tr\u00ean c\u00e1c locus l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi matK \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (88% khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 10 c\u1eb7p primer). matK, psbK-psbI v\u00e0 trnH-psbA g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a CBOL (2009) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 7 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m 3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (atpF-atpH, trnH-psbA v\u00e0 psbK-psbI) v\u00e0 4 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (matK, rbcL, rpoB v\u00e0 rpoC1). Qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 907 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c 550 lo\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt H\u1ea1t k\u00edn (445 lo\u00e0i), H\u1ea1t tr\u1ea7n (38 lo\u00e0i), D\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ec9 v\u00e0 R\u00eau (67 lo\u00e0i), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i (87,5%), t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p matK v\u00e0 rbcL \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch trnH-psbA v\u00e0 psbK-psbI m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nucleotide l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cao g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yu et al. (2011) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i. B\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m matK, rpoB, rpoC1 v\u00e0 rbcL, thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb 59 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m cam chanh (Citrus) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. matK cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c trong khi rpoB v\u00e0 rpoC1 kh\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f2n rbcL cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidayat et al. (2012) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gene m\u00e3 h\u00f3a maturase K n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 19 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c chi Mangifera<\/em> thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb Indonesia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y matK c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chia chi Mangifera th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch matK c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gene matK c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i M. laurina<\/em> v\u00e0 M. macrocarpa<\/em> gi\u1eefa Indonesia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tripathi et al. (2013) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 5 locus m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (rbcL, matK, ITS, trnH-psbA, v\u00e0 ITS2) tr\u00ean 300 m\u1eabu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. rbcL l\u00e0 locus t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i trong PCR v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. ITS v\u00e0 trnH-psbA l\u00e0 hai locus cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec sau rbcL. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ITS dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 24,4% \u0111\u1ebfn 74,3%, t\u1eeb 25,6% \u0111\u1ebfn 67,7% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trnH-psbA ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. matK v\u00e0 ITS2 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i PCR k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lo\u00e0i khi d\u00f9ng ITS2 v\u00e0 rbcL dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 9,0-48,7% v\u00e0 13,2-43,6%. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ITS v\u00e0 trnH-psbA cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rbcL v\u00e0 matK l\u00e0m m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Li et al. (2018) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh tr\u00ean 10 b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ed3ng \u0103n tr\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c chi Th\u1ecb (Dyospyros) thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt B\u1eafc Kinh (Beijing Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gene h\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (khoa N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y B\u1eafc A&F, D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c). T\u00e1m v\u00f9ng gene c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u00ecnh cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A, rps<\/em>16-trn<\/em>Q, rpo<\/em>B-trn<\/em>C, rps<\/em>4-trn<\/em>T-trn<\/em>L, ndh<\/em>F, ndh<\/em>F-rpl<\/em>32-trnL, ycf<\/em>1a, v\u00e0 ycf<\/em>1b. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb DNA l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019Agostino et al. (2018) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 8 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c chi \u1edat (Capsicum<\/em>). C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n (InDels) t\u1ea1o ra. Trong \u0111\u00f3, acc<\/em>D, ndh<\/em>B, rpl20, ycf<\/em>1, v\u00e0 ycf<\/em>2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gene gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111a h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong chi Capsicum<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vu et al. (2019) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 8 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch g\u1ed3m ITS, LEAFY, ACO, matK, trnL, rpoB, rpoC1 v\u00e0 trnH-psbA \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i hoa lan Vi\u1ec7t Nam (Paphiopedilum<\/em>). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c 17 tr\u00ean 22 lo\u00e0i lan. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ITS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ITS v\u1edbi gen matK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m (L\u00ea Thanh H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2017), \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0: m\u0103ng c\u1ee5t (Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n D\u0169ng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00ea Quy\u00ean, 2012, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u1ed9c Hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2012), xo\u00e0i (Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n D\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n Khang, 2012)\u2026Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA tr\u00ean c\u00e1 tra (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Th\u00fay H\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ea3i v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhanh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, khai th\u00e1c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh th\u00e1i m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y; quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u1edf t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eabn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng minh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CBOL Plant Working Group, 2009. “A DNA barcode for land plants.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106.31: 12794-12797.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019Agostino, N., Tamburino, R., Cantarella, C., and Carluccio, V. D., Sannino, L., Cozzolino, S., Cardi, T. and Scotti, N., 2018. The Complete Plastome Sequences of Eleven Capsicum Geneotypes: Insights into DNA Variation. Genes. 9(10): 503.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fazekas, A. J., Burgess, K. S., Kesanakurti, P. R., Graham, S. W., Newmaster, S. G., Husband, B. C., … and Barrett, S. C., 2008. Multiple multilocus DNA barcodes from the plastid genome discriminate plant species equally well. PloS one, 3(7), e2802.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hebert, P. D., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. and Dewaard, J. R., 2003. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270(1512), 313-321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidayat, T., Pancoro, A., Kusumawaty, D. and Eiadthong, W., 2012.  Development matK Gene as DNA Barcode to Assess Evolutionary Relationship of Important Tropical Forest Tree Geneus Mangifera. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering). 59: 17\u201320.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00ea Thanh H\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nguy\u1ec5n Nh\u1eadt Linh, B\u00f9i M\u1ea1nh Ninh, H\u00e0 H\u1ed3ng H\u1ea1nh, Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u1ecb Thu Hu\u1ec7, N\u00f4ng V\u0103n H\u1ea3i, H\u00e0 V\u0103n Hu\u00e2n, L\u00ea Th\u1ecb Thu Hi\u1ec1n. (2017) \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i lo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu s\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c chi nh\u00e2n s\u00e2m. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc. 15(1): 63-72.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n D\u0169ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 T\u1ea5n Khang (2012) \u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i (Mangifera<\/em> sp.) b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. 22a: 175\u2013185.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n D\u0169ng v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb L\u00ea Quy\u00ean (2012) \u0110a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng\/d\u00f2ng m\u0103ng c\u1ee5t (Garcinia mangostana<\/em> L.) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ISSR \u1edf B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1. 23a: 253-261.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Th\u00fay H\u00e0, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i H\u1eb1ng, V\u00f5 Th\u1ecb B\u00edch Th\u1ee7y, Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecb Nga, V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Trang, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb H\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 Th\u1ecb Thanh Nga, L\u01b0u Th\u1ecb H\u00e0 Giang, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Thu Th\u1ee7y, Ng\u00f4 S\u1ef9 V\u00e2n (2020) Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch di truy\u1ec1n (DNA barcoding) tr\u00ean c\u00e1 tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus<\/em>). Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp B\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u00e0 poster tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y tham gia “H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nu\u00f4i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Paul Herbert, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Guelph, Ontario \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt (Hebert, 2003). DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i DNA ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":32298,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32297"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32299,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32297\/revisions\/32299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32297"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32297"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32297"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}