{"id":30501,"date":"2020-01-24T14:57:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T07:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=30501"},"modified":"2021-11-23T15:08:09","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T08:08:09","slug":"ky-thuat-trong-rau-an-la-dinh-duong-huu-co","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/ky-thuat-trong-rau-an-la-dinh-duong-huu-co\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ed3ng rau \u0103n l\u00e1 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng rau \u0103n l\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c nhau: Ki\u1ec3u nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3u r\u0103ng c\u01b0a, ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1i v\u00f2m, ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi,…Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0: \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb 85 – 90%; quy c\u00e1ch: \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ed9t (chi\u1ec1u cao t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1ng x\u1ed1i) t\u1eeb 4 – 4,75m, kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i gian nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 8m,c\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9t (b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9t) l\u00e0 4m. V\u1edbi m\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng Polymer (d\u00e0y 150 micron) v\u00e0 v\u00e1ch xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eafn c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng d\u00e0y 50 mesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B2. Ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m: x\u00e0 l\u00e1ch, c\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh, c\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdt, rau h\u00fang qu\u1ebf, rau kinh gi\u1edbi, t\u00eda t\u00f4, m\u00f9ng t\u01a1i, rau b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edm, rau mu\u1ed3ng t\u01a1i v\u00e0 rau d\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng rau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn Organic ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo quy tr\u00ecnh Organic t\u1ea1i trang tr\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen (GMO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B3. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e2y con<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 450<\/sup>C trong 4 – 6h sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbt ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i sau 1 \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ea1t k\u00edch th\u00edch n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m sau \u0111\u00f3 mang ra v\u01b0\u1eddn gieo h\u1ea1t ngay ho\u1eb7c gieo h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gieo h\u1ea1t th\u1eb3ng: Rau mu\u1ed1ng, rau d\u1ec1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e2m c\u00e0nh: rau b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gieo trong khay x\u1ed1p: x\u00e0 l\u00e1ch, c\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh, c\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdt, rau h\u00fang qu\u1ebf, rau kinh gi\u1edbi, t\u00eda<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u00f4, m\u00f9ng t\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c khay \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gieo h\u1ea1t. Khay \u01b0\u01a1m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i 50 cm, r\u1ed9ng 35 cm, cao 5 cm (c\u00f3 50 l\u1ed7\/khay).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf (1,5 N – 0,5 P2O5 – 0,5 K2O) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 gieo h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 70% m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba + 20% ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 + 10% tro tr\u1ea5u). M\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Trichoderma tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t khay, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gieo 1 h\u1ea1t\/l\u1ed7 (h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 15 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u1ee7). Khi gieo xong t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef \u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, khay \u01b0\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong nh\u00e0 \u01b0\u01a1m c\u00f3 che m\u01b0a v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eafn c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Sau khi c\u00e2y con trong v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m m\u1ecdc 3 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh phun d\u1ecbch tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 mL\/L, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e2y con sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gieo h\u1ea1t v\u00e0o khay x\u1ed1p gieo h\u1ea1t<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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C\u00e2y c\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh 7 ng\u00e0y sau gieo<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ec1n lu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea3ng ph\u1ee7 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n l\u01b0u trong \u0111\u1ea5t. Lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u1ed1ng: chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 1,2 m; chi\u1ec1u cao 15 cm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u00f9y k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 20 -30m. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt l\u00e0 1,6 cm, l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u00e1ch nhau 20 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

* X\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1t (ch\u1ea5t tanin) c\u00f3 trong m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a b\u1eb1ng xi m\u0103ng, d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ng\u00e2m m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba trong 1 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf van h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a x\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1t trong m\u1ee5n d\u1eeba r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i s\u1ea1ch. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed3 trong th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eeb 7 – 10 ng\u00e0y (l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 trong) th\u00ec \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Trichoderma (1 kg \u1ee7 1 t\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf) nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec7t m\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh trong ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng vi sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 sung dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 2 tu\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111em b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y rau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Tr\u1ed9n gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng rau v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 60% m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba + 40% ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf (30%) + ph\u00e2n xanh (10 %) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 hoai) ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n g\u00e0 (g\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i theo d\u1ea1ng g\u00e0 th\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 hoai thay cho ph\u00e2n tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,15 m3<\/sup>\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ki\u1ec3u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi: Trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt c\u1ea7n c\u00f3: B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u1ed1ng PVC, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edd (timer v\u00e0 van t\u1eeb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi theo lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng rau \u0103n l\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi theo lu\u1ed1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt l\u1ed7 c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 20 cm. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed 5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1edbi kia 20 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i lu\u1ed1ng 10 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Tr\u1ed3ng rau v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u m\u00e1t, khi tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e2y con, kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9n gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t. Tr\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t 2 b\u1ea7u c\u00e2y \u1edf 2 b\u00ean ngay l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt. Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00e9o. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2y con \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00e2y kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, xanh \u0111\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i. Tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 c\u00e2y\/m2 <\/sup>(t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng). T\u1eeb 3-5 ng\u00e0y sau tr\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ed3ng d\u1eb7m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2y b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y rau c\u1ea3i v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng
\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

* Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbi: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, pH t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 6.0 ->7.0. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng khoan hay n\u01b0\u1edbc song kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n, ph\u00e8n hay kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f3n l\u00f3t: B\u00f3n l\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng: B\u00f3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 60% m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba + 40% ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 3 t\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cho 100 m2<\/sup>. Sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1ee5 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi th\u00ec b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f3n l\u00e0 4 \u2013 5 kg\/m2<\/sup>. Sau th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ed3ng 6 \u2013 7 th\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam 10 -20 % h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 (60% m\u1ee5n x\u01a1 d\u1eeba + 40% ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1) v\u00e0o lu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y. Sau 1 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u0111em to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng rau \u1ee7 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f3n ph\u00e2n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt: Lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: H\u00f2a tan ph\u00e2n d\u1ecbch tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf v\u00f2a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1mL\/L v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 t\u1eeb b\u00e1nh d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 2 mL\/L, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong b\u1ed3n 2000L. Dung d\u1ecbch dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1edbi nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbi dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 \u2013 4 l\u00edt\/m2\/ng\u00e0y. Sau 7 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5 \u2013 7 l\u00edt\/m2\/ng\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbi 2 l\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u (m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi 15 ph\u00fat). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f3n ph\u00e2n qua l\u00e1: Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng phun th\u00eam ph\u00e2n d\u1ecbch tr\u00f9n qu\u1ebf qua l\u00e1 v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 1 mL\/L \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 5 ng\u00e0y\/l\u1ea7n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 15 ng\u00e0y sau tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc thu ho\u1ea1ch 1 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ng\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edbi dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rau sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c: Sau khi tr\u1ed3ng 7 – 10 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vun g\u1ed1c gi\u00fap c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9a b\u1ecf c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B5. Ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p canh t\u00e1c: Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u1ed9i quy ra v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y sang n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c; X\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 hoai v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m Trichoderma tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng; S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4i (nung ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4i nung t\u1eeb v\u1ecf s\u00f2, v\u1ecf \u1ed1c) r\u1ea3i l\u1ed1i \u0111i, xung quanh nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd gi\u00e1 th\u1ec3 sau m\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 thu ho\u1ea1ch rau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00fd: Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ng\u1eaft b\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee9ng, b\u1eaft s\u00e2u non v\u00e0 nh\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; V\u1ec7 sinh, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2y lan ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ec7nh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t sinh h\u1ecdc: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng: Trichoderma, Beauveria, n\u1ea5m xanh Ometar…\u0111\u1ec3 phun khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft di\u1ec7t s\u00e2u h\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i r\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B6. Thu ho\u1ea1ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Th\u1eddi gian gieo tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn thu ho\u1ea1ch cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i rau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau (C\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh: 26\u2013 30 ng\u00e0y sau tr\u1ed3ng (NST); C\u1ea3i ng\u1ecdt: 26 – 30 NST; Rau mu\u1ed1ng: 24 \u2013 26 ng\u00e0y sau gieo; M\u00f9ng t\u01a1i: 28 \u2013 32 NST; Rau d\u1ec1n: 22 \u2013 24 ng\u00e0y sau gieo; X\u00e0 l\u00e1ch: 30 \u2013 35 NST; H\u00fang qu\u1ebf: 30 – 35 NST; B\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00edm: 25 – 30 NST; Kinh gi\u1edbi: 30 – 35 NST; T\u00eda t\u00f4: 30 – 35 NST.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng phun thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch rau r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ho\u1ea1ch gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a rau. Th\u1eddi gian thu ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u m\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, h\u00e9o, d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng. Rau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o cho v\u00e0o t\u00fai s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Rau c\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh 15 NST<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Rau c\u1ea3i b\u1eb9 xanh 25 NST<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sau thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y, r\u1ec5 c\u00e2y, l\u00e1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng thu gom l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o \u1ee7 hoai m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n tr\u1ed9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y che ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n xanh, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, lu\u00e2n canh c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, b\u1ed5 sung sung \u0111\u00e1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u00e9p khai th\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30512,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30501\/revisions\/30512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}