{"id":30452,"date":"2020-11-12T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T05:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=30452"},"modified":"2021-11-23T23:39:06","modified_gmt":"2021-11-23T16:39:06","slug":"tong-quan-tinh-hinh-nghien-cuu-ve-dna-ma-vach-tren-the-gioi-hien-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tong-quan-tinh-hinh-nghien-cuu-ve-dna-ma-vach-tren-the-gioi-hien-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Heber (2003), l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i DNA ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (orthologous), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u00edt b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i (r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh danh m\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA chu\u1ea9n ng\u1eafn n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 genome c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o. Sau kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 3.483.696 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA \u1edf 215.513 lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 144.402 lo\u00e0i, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 54.478 lo\u00e0i, n\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 16.633 lo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0: 18S, 5,6S, 26S, 5S v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ITS; n\u1eb1m \u1edf ty th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: Cyt<\/em>b v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (control region); n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p nh\u01b0: mat<\/em>K, rcb<\/em>L, atp<\/em>\u03b2, ndn<\/em>F (Cuenoud, 2002; Kress et al.<\/em>, 2008; Aron et al.<\/em>, 2008; Spooner et al.<\/em>, 2009). C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 8 locus gen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 gen nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p (v\u00f9ng xen atp<\/em>F-atp<\/em>H, gen mat<\/em>K, gen rbc<\/em>L, gen rpo<\/em>C1, v\u00f9ng xen psb<\/em>K-psb<\/em>I, v\u00f9ng xen trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gen nh\u00e2n ITS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Li et al.<\/em> (2018) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh tr\u00ean 10 b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1ed3ng \u0103n tr\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c chi Th\u1ecb (Dyospyros<\/em>) thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1eddn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt B\u1eafc Kinh (Beijing Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gen h\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c gia (khoa N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y B\u1eafc A&F, D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh Thi\u1ec3m T\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c). T\u00e1m v\u00f9ng gen c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u00ecnh cao bao g\u1ed3m trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A, rps<\/em>16-trn<\/em>Q, rpo<\/em>B-trn<\/em>C, rps<\/em>4-trn<\/em>T-trn<\/em>L, ndh<\/em>F, ndh<\/em>F-rpl<\/em>32-trn<\/em>L, ycf<\/em>1a, v\u00e0 ycf<\/em>1b \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb DNA l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019Agostino et al.<\/em> (2018) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 8 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c chi \u1edat (Capsicum<\/em>). C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn ch\u00e8n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n (InDels) t\u1ea1o ra. Trong \u0111\u00f3, acc<\/em>D, ndh<\/em>B, rpl<\/em>20, ycf<\/em>1, v\u00e0 ycf<\/em>2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gen gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111a h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu \u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i trong chi Capsicum<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dillon et al.<\/em> (2013) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a 11 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SSR trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e2y con v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i Mangifera indica<\/em> L. kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt fingerprinting v\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh 8.36 alen \u1edf m\u1ed7i locus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb SSR \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y lai t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 do v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady 95%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mursyidin v\u00e0 Daryono (2016) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang (Durio zibethinus<\/em> Murr.) tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Nam Kalimantan (Indonesia) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RAPD. M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang v\u00e0 6 primer RAPD, bao g\u1ed3m PA-01, OPA-02, OPA-07, OPA-16, OPA-18 v\u00e0 OPA-19 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang ki\u1ec3m tra cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u00ecnh 82.17%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanijajiva (2011) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang (Durio zibethinus<\/em> Murr.) tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Nonthaburi (Th\u00e1i Lan) b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt RAPD v\u1edbi 9 primer (OPAM-03, OPAM-12, OPAM18, OPB-01, OPB-14, OPC-01, OPC-05, OPK-05 v\u00e0 OPZ-03). T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 90 \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 3000 bp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i; trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, 34 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111a h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosmaina et al. <\/em>(2016) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang (Durio zibethinus<\/em> Murr.) c\u1ee7a Indonesia d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed RAPD. S\u00e1u primer bao g\u1ed3m OPT-09, OPO-05 OPY-16, OPY-15, OPD-08 v\u00e0 OPY-14 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 5 gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang: Bakul, Ome Kampar, Tembaga, Sijantung v\u00e0 Keong Mas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siew et al.<\/em> (2018a) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SSR \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a 27 gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Putra Malaysia. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb GenBank, b\u1ea3y c\u1eb7p primer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng SSR. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang ki\u1ec3m tra. C\u00e1c v\u00e2n tay DNA (DNA fingerprints) \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y cho 21 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 27 gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1edd 5 (tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 7) ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SSR cho \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a h\u00ecnh cao. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SSR trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt DNA fingerprinting tr\u00ean m\u1eabu gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi lo\u00e0i.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wang et al. <\/em>(2018) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf Conyza bonariensis<\/em> [L.] Cronquist (flaxleaf fleabane), m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA m\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch (super-barcode) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. T\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, rps<\/em>16 v\u00e0 trnQ-UUG<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba lo\u00e0i Conzya ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (C. bonariensis<\/em>, C. canadensis<\/em> v\u00e0 C. sumatrensis<\/em>). C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a C. bonariensis<\/em>, C.<\/em> canadensis<\/em> v\u00e0 18 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd C\u00fac (Asteraceae<\/em>)\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemeckov\u00e1 et al.<\/em> (2018) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch genotyping s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed SSR, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ribosome DNA nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i v\u00f9ng cao \u0110\u00f4ng Phi (East African highland bananas (EAHBs)). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra ki\u1ec3u gen v\u1edbi 19 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb SSR cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c 4 nh\u00e1nh trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng ITS (internal transcribed spacer regions) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i EAHBs v\u1edbi Musa acuminata<\/em> v\u00e0 M. Schizocarpa<\/em>. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed1i EAHBs c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng lai \u0111\u01a1n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 M. acuminata<\/em> ssp. Zebrina v\u00e0 ssp. Banksii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00e1lvez-L\u00f3pez et al. (2009) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a 112 m\u1eabu gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i (Mangifera indica<\/em>) b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba thu t\u1eeb 16 bang kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Mexico v\u00e0 4 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng (3 gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i Ataulfo, Manila v\u00e0 Tommy, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i xo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c Mangifera odorata<\/em>) b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) v\u00e0 SSR (simple sequence repeat). C\u1ea3 AFLP v\u00e0 SSR \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng di truy\u1ec1n cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 xo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m xo\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i v\u1ecbnh Mexico v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i hay ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u1eebng bang. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p (0.38) \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh (0.68). C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng (natural or induced pollination) th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean xo\u00e0i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ly c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 xo\u00e0i Mexico. AFLP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi SSR trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quan h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siew et al.<\/em> (2018) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 25 primer ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a 27 gi\u1ed1ng s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang t\u1eeb 4 v\u01b0\u1eddn tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Putra Malaysia. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 25 primer s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 133 \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 122 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c primer \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i 4 v\u00f9ng DNA l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p (v\u00f9ng spacer gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gen trn<\/em>L-trn<\/em>F, atp<\/em>B-rbc<\/em>L v\u00e0 trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n gen mat<\/em>K). Trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f9ng spacer gen trn<\/em>L-trn<\/em>F v\u00e0 gen mat<\/em>K m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111a h\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu s\u1ea7u ri\u00eang t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fitmawati et al.<\/em> (2017) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau thu\u1ed9c chi Mangifera<\/em> t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m Sumatra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng spacer gi\u1eefa gen trn<\/em>L v\u00e0 trn<\/em>F. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01a1n ng\u00e0nh (monophyletic) g\u1ed3m hai nh\u00e1nh t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t M. kemanga<\/em> kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m M. foetida<\/em>, M. odorata<\/em>, M. laurina<\/em> v\u00e0 Mangifera<\/em> sp. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y M. kemanga <\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m Sumatra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hidayat et al.<\/em> (2012) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gen m\u00e3 h\u00f3a maturaseK n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch 19 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c chi Mangifera<\/em> thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb Indonesia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 cho th\u1ea5y mat<\/em>K c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chia chi Mangifera<\/em> th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch mat<\/em>K c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng xo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Th\u00e1i Lan. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f2n cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 gen mat<\/em>K c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i M. laurina<\/em> v\u00e0 M. macrocarpa <\/em>gi\u1eefa Indonesia v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yu et al.<\/em> (2011) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i. B\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m mat<\/em>K, rpo<\/em>B, rpo<\/em>C1 v\u00e0 rbc<\/em>L thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb 59 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m cam chanh (Citrus<\/em> group) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. mat<\/em>K cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c trong khi rpo<\/em>B v\u00e0 rpo<\/em>C1 kh\u00f4ng cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n rbc<\/em>L cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pagliaccia et al.<\/em> (2015) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed AFLP \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu thanh long kh\u00e1c nhau. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng thanh long m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fazekas et al.<\/em> (2008) so s\u00e1nh 8 v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 gen ty th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01a1n ng\u00e0nh (monophyly) t\u1eeb 92 lo\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c 32 chi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 gen l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m v\u00f9ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a rpoB (rpo<\/em>C1, rbc<\/em>L, mat<\/em>K v\u00e0 23S rDNA) v\u00e0 3 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A, atp<\/em>F-atp<\/em>H v\u00e0 psb<\/em>K-psb<\/em>I). C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lo\u00e0i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch locus \u0111\u01a1n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 7% (23S rDNA) \u0111\u1ebfn 59% (trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A). \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i (85-100% tr\u00ean c\u00e1c locus l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mat<\/em>K \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (88% khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 10 c\u1eb7p primer) mat<\/em>K, psb<\/em>K-psb<\/em>I v\u00e0 trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tripathi et al.<\/em> (2013) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 5 locus m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (rbc<\/em>L, mat<\/em>K, ITS, trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A v\u00e0 ITS2) tr\u00ean 300 m\u1eabu c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. rbc<\/em>L l\u00e0 locus t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i trong PCR v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. ITS v\u00e0 trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A l\u00e0 hai locus cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec sau rbc<\/em>L. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ITS dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 24,4% \u0111\u1ebfn 74,3%, t\u1eeb 25,6% \u0111\u1ebfn 67,7% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng mat<\/em>K v\u00e0 ITS2 cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i PCR k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch lo\u00e0i khi d\u00f9ng ITS2 v\u00e0 rbc<\/em>L dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 9,0-48,7% v\u00e0 13,2-43,6%. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ITS v\u00e0 trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi, khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rbc<\/em>L v\u00e0 mat<\/em>K kh\u00f4ng cho hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1i lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu th\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1edbi, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 qua ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch DNA c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n (Nimis, 2010; Bruni, 2010; Bell, 2011; Hebert, 2003; Lahaye, 2008; Liu, 2010). \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh lo\u00e0i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n th\u00ec trong v\u00f2ng 4 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 rbc<\/em>L, mat<\/em>K, ITS, trn<\/em>H-psb<\/em>A, atp<\/em>F-atp<\/em>H, psb<\/em>K-psb<\/em>I c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2u H\u1ea1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb V\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

DNA m\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Heber (2003), l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nucleotide c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i DNA ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (orthologous), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng \u00edt b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i (r\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2013 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":30556,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30452","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30452"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30452\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30557,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30452\/revisions\/30557"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30452"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30452"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30452"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}