{"id":30020,"date":"2021-11-10T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T04:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=30020"},"modified":"2021-11-15T11:52:22","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T04:52:22","slug":"cong-nghe-moi-san-xuat-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-tu-thuc-vat-giau-cellulose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cong-nghe-moi-san-xuat-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-tu-thuc-vat-giau-cellulose\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u00e0u cellulose"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc Massachusetts ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0u cellulose hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng sau thu ho\u1ea1ch. \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Felix Lam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ea5m men, th\u00eam gene v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t enzym ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ea5m men n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ethanol v\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a> etanol t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc<\/a> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m men chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng glucose, fructose v\u00e0 sucrose trong h\u1ea1t ng\u00f4 th\u00e0nh ethanol, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi x\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u00f4 t\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n l\u00e1, r\u00e2u ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cellulose<\/a>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u00ec b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t, li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed cellulose th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 bao b\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i lignin. Ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i cellulose l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

GS Gerald Fink tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng Miscanthus (c\u1ecf b\u1ea1c) ngu\u1ed3n cellulose ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh etanol. \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Felix Lam.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cellulose cao b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5m men c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean men nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed aldehyde \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 aldehyde, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gene chuy\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i aldehyde th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t gene c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 GRE2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m men c\u00f3 gene GRE2 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c aldehyde, enzym s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n aldehyde th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015, Felix Lam, GS Stephanopoulos v\u00e0 GS Fink \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn n\u1ea5m men c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kali trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ea5m men, khi\u1ebfn m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m men \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ethanol v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i ng\u00f4, miscanthus v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e1t sinh khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u00e0u cellulose\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ng\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cellulose cao. R\u01a1m l\u00faa v\u00e0 miscanthus (c\u1ecf b\u1ea1c) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt gi\u00e0u cellulose c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 si\u00eau r\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5m men bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gene ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 diesel, d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng 0, khi chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c xe lai gh\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 x\u0103ng.Theo\u00a0\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng – Tri th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TH\u00c1I B\u1eb0NG<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/khoahocdoisong.vn\/cong-nghe-moi-san-xuat-nhien-lieu-sinh-hoc-tu-thuc-vat-giau-cellulose-183632.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc Massachusetts ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0u cellulose hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u00e2y ng\u00f4 v\u1ea5t b\u1ecf tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng sau thu ho\u1ea1ch. \u1ea2nh c\u1ee7a Felix […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":30021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30022,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30020\/revisions\/30022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30021"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}