{"id":29332,"date":"2020-02-28T08:41:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T01:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=29332"},"modified":"2021-11-07T16:32:44","modified_gmt":"2021-11-07T09:32:44","slug":"vat-lieu-nano-trong-phong-chong-dich-benh-hieu-qua-va-doc-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/vat-lieu-nano-trong-phong-chong-dich-benh-hieu-qua-va-doc-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1eadt l\u00fd, y h\u1ecdc, quang h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u00e0y b\u00e1n tr\u00e0n lan c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tay, b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt\u2026 ch\u1ee9a nano b\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh COVID-19 \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eady s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nano n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 nano b\u1ea1c n\u00f3i ri\u00eang li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virut v\u00e0 c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0: y h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u2026 Th\u1eddi gian qua, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano nh\u01b0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, d\u1ea7u diesel sinh h\u1ecdc, vi m\u1ea1ch b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1c, d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u\u2026[1]. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y d\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 sau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a GS Sumio Iijima (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Meijo, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n) – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u carbon nanotube n\u0103m 1991, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi [2, 3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong y h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chu\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano nh\u01b0 nano v\u00e0ng gi\u00fap ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0; nano polymer h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ea1ng micelle \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n hay h\u1ea1t quantum (quantum dots) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam t\u1eafc m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u [2]. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Li, et al. [3] \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano v\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf chu\u1ed9t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n 50 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nano h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA) ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi [4]. Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nano h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 Doxil\/Caelyx (Janssen) l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng liposomal doxorubicin t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a thu\u1ed1c doxorubicin t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i u, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c; Adagen\/pegademase bovine t\u1eeb Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals d\u00f9ng tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh suy gi\u1ea3m mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c; PegIntron t\u1eeb Merck nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a interferon gi\u00fap ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam gan C t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n [4]. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn quang t\u1eed nano v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh h\u00f3a cho ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n y sinh; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chi\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y sinh h\u1ecdc…); ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o composite cellulose vi khu\u1ea9n g\u1eafn nano b\u1ea1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Aerogel t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 1 trong 3 chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o nanomet (1-100 nm) (h\u00ecnh 1).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
H\u00ecnh 1. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano. A) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p; B) H\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano b\u1ea1c cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc; C) S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano b\u1ea1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9ng 100 nm nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n \u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c [5, 6].<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u00e2n hoan v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng, li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ta u\u1ed1ng 1,5-2 l\u00edt m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi u\u1ed1ng 10 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn v\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n (atom) v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng nano; b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nano c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc [7]. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Poland, et al. tr\u00ean Nature Nanotechnology 2008 [8]. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ee3i nano carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 50 nm, d\u00e0i 100 micromet t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed1i u \u1edf m\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1ee3i Ami-\u0103ng, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ee3i carbon r\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 15 nm th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i carbon d\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c b\u00e0o ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n\u201d (frustrated phagocytosis) (h\u00ecnh 2) [8]. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i nano g\u00e2y ra ung th\u01b0 \u1edf chu\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ami-\u0103ng [9].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/
H\u00ecnh 2. S\u1ee3i carbon d\u00e0i (c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh 1 v\u00e0 2) v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i Ami-\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra u h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ho\u00e0nh. A) \u1ea2nh k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhu\u1ed9m ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng H&E; B v\u00e0 C) S\u1ee3i carbon d\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i Ami-\u0103ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ef1c b\u00e0o ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y u [10, 11].<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nano. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0: carbon d\u1ea1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 fullerenes g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tr\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng carbon \u0111en hay \u1ed1ng nano carbon g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i hay d\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 [12]; ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano b\u1ea1c 10 ho\u1eb7c 35 nm g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1), nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc v\u1edbi citrate ho\u1eb7c fulvic acid [13]; silicat (SiO2<\/sub>) 15 nm g\u00e2y h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh Parkinson, c\u00f2n silicat 50 nm th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m (m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1) [14]… C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nano c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano (tuy c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nano b\u1ea1c), nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ef3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ea5t bao ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e1 th\u1ec3\u201d ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 suy ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nano b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quay l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 nano b\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nano b\u1ea1c trong di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 virus: nano b\u1ea1c 5, 25 v\u00e0 30 nm c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m herpesvirus v\u00e0 Epstein-Barr Virus [15]; nano b\u1ea1c 3,5; 6,5 v\u00e0 12, 9 nm tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi chitosan c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t E. coli v\u00e0 c\u00fam H1N1 [16]. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, r\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u00f2n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng nano b\u1ea1c tr\u1ecb nCoV, SARS hay MERS. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nano b\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tra c\u1ee9u trong Pubmed (c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3), th\u00ec ra h\u01a1n 2.855 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1edf, h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed9t c\u1ed1ng trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho h\u00edt nano b\u1ea1c 18 nm sau 90 ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i [17]. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Kwon, et al. [18] c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i nano b\u1ea1c 20 v\u00e0 30 nm g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5i c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nano b\u1ea1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t nh\u1eaft; nano b\u1ea1c 20 nm c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c gene tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan HepG2 [19].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n [7] (h\u00ecnh 1). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n 30 nm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n 60 v\u00e0 3 nm l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ed1c oxy h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111i l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u1eafn v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf c\u1ee7a DNA (intercalation) [20]. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi DNA \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tia UV thay \u0111\u1ed5i nucleotide DNA, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 da). Ngo\u00e0i ra, ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5. Khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1eeb nano c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean micro. Kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201cth\u1ef1c b\u00e0o ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec5n kh\u1ed1i u nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i carbon \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00fd l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf…), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nano b\u1ea1c. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, vi\u1ec7c nano b\u1ea1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng COVID-19 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, trong khi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch – r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u00e0o, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o d\u00f9ng nano b\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng u\u1ed1ng, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nano b\u1ea1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o [21]. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nano b\u1ea1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng COVID-19 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nano b\u1ea1c: k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, l\u1edbp v\u1ecf bao th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng COVID-19? m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o? \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i hay an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng? c\u00f3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng hay ch\u01b0a?…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong y khoa, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng thu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nano t\u1eeb h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111a ph\u1ea7n v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ph\u00e2n nano v\u00e0o tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt t\u1edbi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: TS.DS Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f9ng- https:\/\/vjst.vn\/vn\/tin-tuc\/2920\/vat-lieu-nano-trong-phong-chong-dich-benh–hieu-qua-va-doc-tinh.aspx<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nano \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, v\u1eadt l\u00fd, y h\u1ecdc, quang h\u1ecdc, sinh h\u1ecdc\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n nay, tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u00e0y b\u00e1n tr\u00e0n lan c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tay, b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt\u2026 ch\u1ee9a nano b\u1ea1c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29332","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29332"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29332\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29570,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29332\/revisions\/29570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29332"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29332"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29332"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}