{"id":29329,"date":"2020-01-18T10:21:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-18T03:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=29329"},"modified":"2021-11-07T12:18:50","modified_gmt":"2021-11-07T05:18:50","slug":"hydrogen-nguon-nang-luong-cua-tuong-lai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/hydrogen-nguon-nang-luong-cua-tuong-lai\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrogen – Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh\u2026, hydrogen (H2<\/sub>) \u0111ang thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong>
H2<\/sub> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 1. \u1ede tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, H2<\/sub> kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng 1\/14 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 75% t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 90% v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, H2 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hay v\u1edbi carbon v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.
H2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0o g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub> g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t H2<\/sub> c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, sinh kh\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, luy\u1ec7n kim\u2026
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a H2<\/sub> l\u00e0 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 cacbon (C), l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (S), nit\u01a1 (N) n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (H2<\/sub>O), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, H2<\/sub> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. Hydrogen c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111un n\u1ea5u, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng\u2026 B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Do d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H2<\/sub> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (LNG), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 CH4<\/sub> cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i hay l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng.
V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhanh cho ph\u00e9p H2 bay h\u01a1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong>
Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, H2<\/sub> l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t hydrocarbon kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra H2<\/sub> quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m:
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydrocarbon nh\u01b0 metan, d\u1ea7u, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, sinh kh\u1ed1i kh\u00ed h\u00f3a, than kh\u00ed h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/em> tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, kho\u1ea3ng 90% H2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m: 1) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H2<\/sub> t\u1eeb kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00ed metan CH4, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o ra CO2 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, tinh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. 2) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a hydrocarbon n\u1eb7ng bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.4000<\/sup>C trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebfu \u00f4xy \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra H2<\/sub> v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed CO ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh CO2<\/sub> v\u00e0 kh\u00ed H2<\/sub>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub> g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng do ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t. 3) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n sinh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1o ra h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra H2<\/sub>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2 kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 12-17% tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub> c\u1ee7a sinh kh\u1ed1i. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 b\u00e0o v\u1ee5n, sinh kh\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb… Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed H2 <\/sub>v\u00e0 O2<\/sub><\/em>: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 H2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m; O2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (2H2<\/sub>O + \u0110i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u2192 2H2<\/sub> + O2<\/sub>). Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m: 1) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m. Hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n ion \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u00f2a l\u1eabn hai kh\u00ed sinh ra. 2) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 800-1.0000<\/sup>C l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t th\u1eeba t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c. 3) C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc:
M\u1ed9t l\u00e0,<\/em> v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u1eb9, d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i, H2<\/sub>  ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed n\u00e9n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef H2<\/sub> v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng.
Hai l\u00e0,<\/em> m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2 <\/sub>g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1 cao n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (than \u0111\u00e1, d\u1ea7u, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t), do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (gi\u00f3, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 cao so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 30%, hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> t\u1eeb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong>
Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 40.000 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u H2<\/sub> v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, 200.000 xe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 800.000 xe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng (s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m) n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 1,4 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 5,3 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2030 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p – th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed H2<\/sub> trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, C\u01a1 quan h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Hoa k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H2<\/sub> l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecfa ti\u1ec5n chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> “s\u1ea1ch” v\u1eabn \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sinh h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t\u2026 C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, \u00dac\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thay th\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m t\u1eeb kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean sang H2<\/sub>.
Hi\u1ec7n nay, kho\u1ea3ng 90% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed CO2<\/sub> g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh. Do v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2<\/sub> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, n\u00e2ng cao quy m\u00f4, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh.
Theo C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEA), H2<\/sub> s\u1ebd ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi 4 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft g\u1ed3m: 1) Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub>; 2) Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u H2<\/sub> c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n; 3) Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 H2<\/sub>; 4) T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a.
Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (than, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf\u2026) \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2<\/sub> \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Huy- https:\/\/vjst.vn\/vn\/tin-tuc\/2708\/hydrogen—nguon-nang-luong-cua-tuong-lai.aspx<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sinh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh\u2026, hydrogen (H2) \u0111ang thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u – ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29329"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29559,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29329\/revisions\/29559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}