{"id":28873,"date":"2019-09-01T22:30:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-01T15:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=28873"},"modified":"2021-10-03T22:31:51","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T15:31:51","slug":"che-tao-vat-lieu-sieu-dan-dau-tien-tu-niken-oxit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/che-tao-vat-lieu-sieu-dan-dau-tien-tu-niken-oxit\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb niken oxit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf (g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0) n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb niken oxit.<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1i trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i r\u00fat g\u1ed7. \u1ea2nh: Greg Stewart\/SLAC.\" src=\"http:\/\/khoahocphattrien.vn\/Images\/Uploaded\/Share\/2019\/08\/31\/firstreporto.jpg\" width=\"600\">H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1i trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i r\u00fat g\u1ed7. \u1ea2nh: Greg Stewart\/SLAC.<br>Niken(II) oxit, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nickelate, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit. Sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit (1986), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y t\u00f2 m\u00f2 li\u1ec7u niken oxit c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao hay kh\u00f4ng.<br>Song, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c oxit \u0111\u1ed3ng si\u00eau d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 niken oxit. Sau h\u01a1n ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<br>\u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u00ednh si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y\u201d, George Sawatzky, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc British Columbia, \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u201cN\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00f4i k\u00e9o h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho ra nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d<br><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i SLAC v\u00e0 Stanford \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phim m\u1ecfng t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u perovskite (b\u00ean tr\u00e1i), cho x\u00fac t\u00e1c stronti r\u1ed3i ng\u00e2m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 niken oxit, hay nickelate (b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i). Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y niken oxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. \u1ea2nh: Danfeng Li\/SLAC v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford. \" src=\"http:\/\/khoahocphattrien.vn\/Images\/Uploaded\/Share\/2019\/08\/31\/1-firstreporto.jpg\" width=\"600\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i SLAC v\u00e0 Stanford \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phim m\u1ecfng t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u perovskite (b\u00ean tr\u00e1i), cho x\u00fac t\u00e1c stronti r\u1ed3i ng\u00e2m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxy, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 niken oxit, hay nickelate (b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i). Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y niken oxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf. \u1ea2nh: Danfeng Li\/SLAC v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford.<br>T\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u oxit si\u00eau d\u1eabn t\u1eeb niken, ch\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m ngay c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t niken oxit nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 600 \u0111\u1ed9 C \u2013 m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t si\u00eau d\u1eabn. Do \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danfeng Li, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sang d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<br>Ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng perovskite \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed h\u00ecnh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ee9a neodymi, niken v\u00e0 oxy, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam x\u00fac t\u00e1c stronti. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed5 sung h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o th\u00eam electron t\u1ef1 do trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Khi \u0111\u00f3, electron s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed niken, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u201cl\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng\u201d khi\u1ebfn niken tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho b\u01b0\u1edbt ti\u1ebfp theo: t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp phim niken tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ea5t 6 th\u00e1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<br>T\u1ea5m phim sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf, bu\u1ed9c l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng foil nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ng\u00e2m h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1edbp ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oxy ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5m phim v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i r\u00fat g\u1ed7. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5m phim s\u1ebd mang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh niken oxit x\u00fac t\u00e1c stronti.<br>Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y niken oxit bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng si\u00eau d\u1eabn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh (9-15 \u0111\u1ed9 K, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng-268 \u0111\u1ebfn -264 \u0111\u1ed9 C), song v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.<br>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Danfeng Li, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford) v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Gia t\u1ed1c Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 &#8211; SLAC. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf (g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0) n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng oxit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28873"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28873\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28874,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28873\/revisions\/28874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}