{"id":28840,"date":"2019-08-08T22:07:00","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T15:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=28840"},"modified":"2021-10-03T22:08:01","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T15:08:01","slug":"lop-gi-set-sieu-mong-san-xuat-dien-tu-nuoc-chay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/lop-gi-set-sieu-mong-san-xuat-dien-tu-nuoc-chay\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1edbp g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t si\u00eau m\u1ecfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 California (Caltech) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Northwestern<\/em>, c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t (s\u1eaft oxit) m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ch\u1ea3y qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vista.gov.vn\/vn-uploads\/news\/2019_8\/08\/6.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong pin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do Tom Miller, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Caltech v\u00e0 Franz Geiger, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc&nbsp; Northwestern l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng graphene m\u1ecfng &#8211; c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 30%. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 20%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng graphene v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u00e0ng oxit s\u1eaft m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd (PVD), bi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 oxit s\u1eaft, th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mong mu\u1ed1n. PVD \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1edbp oxit s\u1eaft d\u00e0y 10 nanomet, m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 10 ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi l\u1ea5y s\u1eaft tr\u00e1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 cho dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c milivol v\u00e0 v\u00e0i microamp tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i cm<sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;<em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 10m<sup>2<\/sup>\/b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0i kilowatt \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ee7 cho cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/em>&#8220;, GS. Miller n\u00f3i. &#8220;<em>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p d\u00f9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u1eed h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ion, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e1c ion trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n h\u00fat c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong s\u1eaft n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbp g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c ion \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1edd l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang k\u00e9o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed theo v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Theo GS. Miller, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GS. Miller cho r\u1eb1ng: &#8220;<em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 phao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y trong t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch theo c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p cho m\u00f4 c\u1ea5y<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29\/7\/2019.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 California (Caltech) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;Northwestern, c\u00e1c m\u00e0ng g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t (s\u1eaft oxit) m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n khi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ch\u1ea3y qua. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28840"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28841,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28840\/revisions\/28841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}