{"id":28481,"date":"2019-01-16T17:08:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-16T10:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=28481"},"modified":"2021-10-03T17:08:48","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T10:08:48","slug":"graphene-va-cac-vat-lieu-2d-khac-giup-tao-ra-cac-pin-mat-troi-tien-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/graphene-va-cac-vat-lieu-2d-khac-giup-tao-ra-cac-pin-mat-troi-tien-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"Graphene v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D kh\u00e1c gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi silicon tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (Inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells) chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 perovskites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng silicon tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1edbp h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a silicon, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng pha t\u1ea1p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng oxit t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a silicon tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed – m\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (band gap) – l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng k\u00e9m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi silicon c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea5p 1.000 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi perovskites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed cho m\u1ed7i watt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hai chi\u1ec1u (2D) m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 graphene \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ecfng, nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ef1c cao c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t mang, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 graphene m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n l\u1edbp band-gap m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 dichalcogenides kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (TMDCs) v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho \u0111en c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn (\u201cVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a graphene v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D kh\u00e1c trong quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u graphene, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c graphene v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean silicon, v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 perovskite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ed1c graphene<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a graphene pha t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng pha t\u1ea1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u1eabn si\u00eau m\u1ecfng \u1edf d\u1ea1ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o Schottky (Schottky barrier junction layer) (b\u1ed9 thu l\u1ed7) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ed1c silicon. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn graphene (kh\u00f4ng pha t\u1ea1p\/pha t\u1ea1p) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch\/\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u1edf d\u1ea1ng trong su\u1ed1t cho pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi perovskite. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a graphene nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u1eabn trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (b\u1ed9 thu l\u1ed7) trong pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Si – graphene.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ITO, c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u1eabn d\u1ea1ng trong su\u1ed1t cho pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 perovskite v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi perovskite. Trong c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y, graphene – do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn cao, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf cho ITO, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn, t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D ngo\u00e0i graphene \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t TMDC c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi nano m\u00e9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 Si k\u00edch c\u1ee1 50 nm ho\u1eb7c gallium arsenide (GaAs) k\u00edch c\u1ee1 15 nm, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 4,5 mA cm-2. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a TDMC cho pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi g\u1ed1c silicon, pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi perovskite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u1ecb h\u1ee3p si\u00eau m\u1ecfng 2D\/2D<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi 2D c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi 2D n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quang \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed1c Si v\u00e0 GaAs. C\u00e1c TMDC c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (bandgap) quang ph\u1ed5 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cH\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n l\u1edbp, cho ph\u00e9p hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y (l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Si, GaAs v\u00e0 perovskites) gi\u00fap n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 si\u00eau cao. S\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, tinh khi\u1ebft cho ph\u00e9p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i gram<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n 2D ti\u1ebfp theo<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ea7ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean chip c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p thu v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1t photon h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quang \u0111i\u1ec7n 2D th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.T.T (NASATI), theo https:\/\/www.nanowerk.com\/spotlight\/spotid=51821.php<\/a>, 07\/01\/2019<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi silicon tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 (Inorganic crystalline silicon solar cells) chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 perovskites. L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28482,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28481\/revisions\/28482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}