{"id":28460,"date":"2019-01-13T16:58:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-13T09:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=28460"},"modified":"2021-10-03T16:59:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T09:59:18","slug":"ban-pha-laser-giup-tao-ra-plasma-nguoi-nhat-tu-truoc-den-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/ban-pha-laser-giup-tao-ra-plasma-nguoi-nhat-tu-truoc-den-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1eafn ph\u00e1 laser gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra plasma ngu\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i plasma c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i plasma trung t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf l\u00f5i Sao M\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c sao l\u00f9n tr\u1eafng. Ngu\u1ed3n: Brandon Martin\/\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c plasma l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1eeba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp – b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00f9m laser. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 plasma xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 50 ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (-273,15\u00b0C), l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 50 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi plasma trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i plasma l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c plasma t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c sao l\u00f9n tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u trong l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00ed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sao M\u1ed9c – l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plasma l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed, l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 r\u1eafn). Trong plasma, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c electron t\u1ef1 do chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh c\u00e1c ion (b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng hay \u00e2m) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 plasma t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t cao; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, plasma tr\u00eanm\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn 18.800 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 F (kho\u1ea3ng 6.000 \u0111\u1ed9 C). B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khi\u1ebfnplasma ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 – l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed9i h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady v\u00ec sao ch\u00f9m laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 plasma xu\u1ed1ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Vi\u1ec7cl\u00e0m m\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng laser l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng”, Thomas Killian, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice, Texas n\u00f3i. “N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ion trong plasma v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00f9m laser t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ecfi ion \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i khi ion n\u00e0y t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t photon, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9mlaser,” Killian cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m laser ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ion, th\u00ec m\u1ed7ikhi ion t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n \u0111i. “N\u00f3gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 leo d\u1ed1c v\u1eady” \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Killian v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf plasma trung t\u00ednh – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 plasma v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau – b\u1eb1ngc\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kim lo\u1ea1i strontium bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ion h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y kh\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plasma n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u gi\u00e2y, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 tan bi\u1ebfn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 laser, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 plasma \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ion ch\u1eadm \u0111i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ngb\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i plasma n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.\"Th\u00ed
Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 10 ch\u00f9m laser c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c ion. Ngu\u1ed3n: Brandon Martin \/ \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a gi\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 20 n\u0103m – v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cth\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, Killian n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t plasma, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u gi\u00e2y”. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh “t\u1ea1o raplasma, l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng laser , quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1ec9 trong ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ngh\u00ecn gi\u00e2y” \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft. “Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: th\u00ec ra n\u00f3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: plasma si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sao l\u00f9n tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, do plasma si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i plasma \u1edf l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra lo\u1ea1i plasma l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0yc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, Killian cho bi\u1ebft. “N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i plasma r\u1eafn – c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c g\u1ea5p 10 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t, r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb,” \u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 N\u0103m tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science .Theo Dantri<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i plasma c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Rice \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i plasma trung t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28460"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28463,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28460\/revisions\/28463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28460"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}