{"id":28407,"date":"2019-06-07T09:06:00","date_gmt":"2019-06-07T02:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=28407"},"modified":"2021-10-03T16:05:23","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T09:05:23","slug":"kim-cuong-co-nguon-goc-tu-muoi-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/kim-cuong-co-nguon-goc-tu-muoi-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng – lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kim
Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee5c, m\u1edd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt mu\u1ed1i, kali v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 trong n\u00f3. (\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng) m\u00e0i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1edbi h\u00fat ch\u00ecm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ecm h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m xu\u1ed1ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n k\u1ebft tinh d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi magma n\u00fai l\u1eeda g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kimberlite v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minh ch\u1ee9ng cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 xanh – nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng Hope n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n l\u00e0 h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a) b\u1edfi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1eeba qua tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science Advances \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch m\u1eb7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc nh\u1eabn uy\u00ean \u01b0\u01a1ng, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee5c, m\u1edd b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt mu\u1ed1i, kali v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 trong n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kim ho\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cC\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1i b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng\u201d, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Michael Forster, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Macquarie (Australia) – t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, GS Forster v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng si\u00eau nhi\u1ec7t, si\u00eau \u00e1p x\u1ea3y ra khi kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t peridotite, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u n\u01a1i m\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh; Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 4 – 6 gigapascal (g\u1ea5p 40.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 60.000 l\u1ea7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 1.500 – 2.000 \u0111\u1ed9 F (800 – 1.100 \u0111\u1ed9 C), c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, l\u1ef1c va ch\u1ea1m t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. (Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb carbon tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u1eb7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y\u201d, GS Forster n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng – lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sau h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao.\u00a0 M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28407"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28408,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28407\/revisions\/28408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}