{"id":26713,"date":"2021-03-04T16:07:48","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T09:07:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=26713"},"modified":"2022-02-09T15:47:15","modified_gmt":"2022-02-09T08:47:15","slug":"loi-ich-kep-cua-dien-mat-troi-noi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/loi-ich-kep-cua-dien-mat-troi-noi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee3i \u00edch k\u00e9p c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1ed5i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4m, c\u00e1&#8230; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cao<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (\u0110MT) tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf quy m\u00f4 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110MT ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110MT hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 200 &#8211; 300MW, th\u00ec t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn MW hay nhi\u1ec1u GW. M\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft, do m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 1kWpm2 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp m\u1ed9t d\u00e0n pin c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1MW c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1,3ha (hay 13.000m2). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0110MT c\u1ee1 1GW (1GW = 1.000MW) th\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, 1300ha (1,3 tri\u1ec7u m2). \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 l\u1ea1i cao, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110MT, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea hay mua \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e0n pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t s\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n b\u1edd c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0110MT c\u00f3 d\u00e0n pin l\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0110MT n\u1ed5i (Floating solar power systems). C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc hoang h\u00f3a, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ecf hoang\u201d. Su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0110MT n\u1ed5i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do chi ph\u00ed m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n mua; chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0110MT n\u1ed5i cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c module pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e0n pin l\u1eafp tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng l\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 11 &#8211; 12%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi l\u1eafp d\u00e0n pin ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c pin th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 25 \u0111\u1ed9 C. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 pin s\u1ebd l\u00e0 65 \u0111\u1ed9 C. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi tinh th\u1ec3 Si, khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10 \u0111\u1ed9 C (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 25 \u0111\u1ed9 C) th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m 0,5%. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 pin l\u00e0 65 \u0111\u1ed9 C th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng (65 &#8211; 25) x 0,5% = 20%. C\u00f2n khi l\u1eafp d\u00e0n pin tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a pin ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 40 \u0111\u1ed9 C (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng) n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m (40 &#8211; 25) x 0,5% = 7,5%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 ao h\u1ed3, m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t d\u00e0n pin theo m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (Suntracker) c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n do d\u00e0n pin n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t linh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0110MT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng theo M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean (20 \u2013 25)% so v\u1edbi d\u00e0n pin l\u1eafp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ed3 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n\u2026 trong&nbsp;m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4m, c\u00e1&#8230; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n;&nbsp;Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0110MT n\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i module pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i m\u1eb7n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u phao, neo, d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng\u2026 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o cho c\u00e1c d\u00e0n pin. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y, c\u00e1p, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0110MT n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 cao, trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 274 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/km2, g\u1ea5p 5,2 l\u1ea7n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 cao th\u1ee9 ba trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 40% t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eadp th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d t\u1ea1o cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n \u0110MT n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><strong>PGS.TS \u0110\u1eb6NG \u0110\u00ccNH TH\u1ed0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/khoahocdoisong.vn\/loi-ich-kep-cua-dien-mat-troi-noi-163559.html\">https:\/\/khoahocdoisong.vn\/loi-ich-kep-cua-dien-mat-troi-noi-163559.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u00f4m, c\u00e1&#8230; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":26714,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26713"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30951,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26713\/revisions\/30951"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}