{"id":26493,"date":"2021-01-25T21:32:31","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:32:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=26493"},"modified":"2021-01-25T21:32:36","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:32:36","slug":"su-dung-rutheni-lam-chat-xuc-tac-tong-hop-amoniac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/su-dung-rutheni-lam-chat-xuc-tac-tong-hop-amoniac\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rutheni l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rutheni nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong 80% kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh tinh, nh\u01b0ng nit\u01a1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong canh t\u00e1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n nit\u01a1, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n nit\u01a1, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac<\/a> c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/a> nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy m\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 400 – 500 \u0111\u1ed9 C. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Tokyo d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Advanced Energy Materials, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rutheni \u2013 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ebfm trong nh\u00f3m platin l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac do kim lo\u1ea1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00edt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nit\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t rutheni tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hydro v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh amoniac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng cao, hydro c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ruthenium<\/a>, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d hydro v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoniac. \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn rutheni th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 thi cho t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Tokyo Tech, trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a rutheni, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hydrua lanthanide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Masaaki Kitano, ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c Tokyo Tech cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1edd 2 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1ea3 electron, d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch nit\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hydro, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ion hydrua, nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nit\u01a1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh amoniac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hydro b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o rutheni, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u201cng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c\u201d hydro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ion hydrua \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoniac, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c oxyhydrid c\u1ee7a lanthanide nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c m\u1edbi, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ion hydrua v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ion hy\u0111rua “s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn” \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh linh \u0111\u1ed9ng “c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion hy\u0111rua r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng do c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c hydro tr\u00ean rutheni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, lantan oxyhydrid y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh x\u00fac t\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, oxy b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n h\u01a1n trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 oxyhydride v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ion hydrua t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nitrid h\u00f3a – ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebfn lantan oxyhydride th\u00e0nh lantan nitride, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ngu\u1ed3n: khoahocdoisong.vn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rutheni nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n. Nit\u01a1 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":26494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26493","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26493"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26493\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26605,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26493\/revisions\/26605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26493"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26493"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26493"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}