{"id":26467,"date":"2021-01-25T21:01:15","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=26467"},"modified":"2021-01-25T21:01:19","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:01:19","slug":"tao-ra-kim-cuong-trong-dieu-kien-nhiet-do-phong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/tao-ra-kim-cuong-trong-dieu-kien-nhiet-do-phong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1o ra kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u00dac t\u1ea1o ra hai lo\u1ea1i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng – kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng pha lonsdaleite, trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau n\u00f3ng.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Carbon th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a> h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t trong h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia \u00dac (ANU) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ho\u00e0ng gia Melbourne (RMIT) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng<\/a> trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn carbon nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft tinh; nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Small, nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do GS Dougal G. McCulloch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nano v\u00e0 lonsdaleite – m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed carbon \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch – \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 80GPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a> nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 1.400\u00b0C. Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, carbon th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111e kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carbon th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng carbon kh\u00f4ng tinh th\u1ec3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 than ch\u00ec, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft sp2, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 graphit, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi n\u00e9n carbon th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 3 pha kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cacbon: graphit, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 lonsdaleit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lonsdaleite, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 lonsdaleite th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp graphene  \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e9n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng m\u1eabu, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha. Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 lonsdaleite v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ebfn 80GPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/td><\/tr>
Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha t\u1eeb carbon th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c lonsdaleite d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo GS Bradby, b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u201cS\u1ef1 xo\u1eafn\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t cao, carbon tr\u1ea3i qua hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ef1c c\u1eaft\u201d – gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua (TEM), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n thu h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111e kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, cho ph\u00e9p n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pha trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u00f5i \u0111\u00e1 thay v\u00ec l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec1n, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c pha tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111e kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ec3 nano v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch lonsdaleite trong c\u00e1c m\u1eabu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1eaft, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ngu\u1ed3n: khoahocdoisong.vn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u00dac t\u1ea1o ra hai lo\u1ea1i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng – kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ea1ng pha lonsdaleite, trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau n\u00f3ng. Carbon th\u1ee7y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":26468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26467","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26467","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26467"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26598,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26467\/revisions\/26598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26467"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26467"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}