{"id":26335,"date":"2020-10-10T16:45:08","date_gmt":"2020-10-10T09:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=26335"},"modified":"2021-11-05T15:00:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-05T08:00:38","slug":"cong-nghe-chinh-sua-gene-thang-giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/cong-nghe-chinh-sua-gene-thang-giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene, gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i “m\u1eadt m\u00e3” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
\"Hai
Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh cho gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2020. \u1ea2nh: Nobel Prize.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00fac 16h45 h\u00f4m nay. Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Emmanuelle Charpentier v\u00e0 Jennifer A. Doudna \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gene, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed” CRISPR\/Cas9. T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng cho gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 2020 l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 1,1 tri\u1ec7u USD s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia \u0111\u1ec1u cho hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i gene trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thi. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi CRISPR\/Cas9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i “m\u1eadt m\u00e3” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (ADN) ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng G\u00f6ran K. Hansson, t\u1ed5ng th\u01b0 k\u00fd Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gene n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 trong y h\u1ecdc”,<\/em> Claes Gustafsson, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
GS Emmanuelle Charpentier. \u1ea2nh: EMBL\/Adam Gristwood.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/a><\/a>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eed gene n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Streptococcus pyogenes, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Emmanuelle Charpentier ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, tracrARN. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra, tracrARN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n mang t\u00ean CRISPR\/Cas. CRISPR\/Cas l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu virus b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ADN c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charpentier xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2011. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Jennifer Doudna, nh\u00e0 sinh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ARN. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o “k\u00e9o gene” c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a “chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9o” \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9o gene. \u1ede d\u1ea1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfc k\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ADN v\u00e0 virus, nh\u01b0ng Charpentier v\u00e0 Doudna ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ADN n\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Gi\u00e1o
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jennifer Doudna. \u1ea2nh: Keegan Houser.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb khi Charpentier v\u00e0 Doudna t\u00ecm ra CRISPR\/Cas9 n\u0103m 2012, vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5. CRISPR\/Cas9 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 m\u1edbi. \u01af\u1edbc m\u01a1 ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Emmanuelle Charpentier (52 tu\u1ed5i) t\u1ea1i Juvisy-sur-Orge, Ph\u00e1p, hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Khoa Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh thu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7n Max Planck. Jennifer A. Doudna (56 tu\u1ed5i) t\u1ea1i Washington, D.C, M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California Berkeley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham v\u00e0 Akira Yoshino v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 pin lithium-ion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1901-2019, gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao 111 l\u1ea7n, 63 l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh danh, c\u00f3 5 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Frederick Sanger l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nay hai l\u1ea7n th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1958 v\u00e0 1980. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935, khi \u00f4ng m\u1edbi 35 tu\u1ed5i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, John B. Goodenough tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t khi nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nobel l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf do Qu\u1ef9 Nobel t\u1ea1i Stockholm l\u1eadp ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1901 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Alfred Nobel, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ki\u00eam doanh nh\u00e2n Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n.

Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c Y h\u1ecdc, H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, V\u1eadt l\u00fd, V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. N\u0103m 1968, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u1eadp ra Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n cho Khoa h\u1ecdc kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Nobel, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i Nobel Kinh t\u1ebf.

M\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ed3m huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1901-2019, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao 597 l\u1ea7n cho 950 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Ban Khoa h\u1ecdc- https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/cong-nghe-chinh-sua-gene-thang-giai-nobel-hoa-hoc-2020-4173164.html <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1eef nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u0103m nay v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gene, gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i “m\u1eadt m\u00e3” c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng gia Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u00fac 16h45 h\u00f4m nay. Hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Emmanuelle Charpentier v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":26336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26335","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26335"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26335\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29497,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26335\/revisions\/29497"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26335"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26335"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26335"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}