{"id":25275,"date":"2020-06-11T20:49:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-11T13:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=25275"},"modified":"2021-11-09T19:37:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T12:37:43","slug":"bui-min-gay-hai-nhieu-hon-rac-thai-nhua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/bui-min-gay-hai-nhieu-hon-rac-thai-nhua\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

khoahocdoisong.vn) – V\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 2 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn cao h\u01a1n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. So v\u1edbi r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, n\u00f3 nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 2 – 10 l\u1ea7n.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Chuy\u00ean<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn<\/a> \u2013 \u201ck\u1ebb gi\u1ea5u m\u1eb7t\u201d \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Trung t\u00e2m V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 L\u2019Espace, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00ec s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p (IRD) v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Live & Learn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0m \u201c\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn: M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t (t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y (ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, chu tr\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TS Xavier Mari, nh\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, Vi\u1ec7n H\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i (MIO)\/IRD, chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 chu tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a carbon v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu cho hay, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn t\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, g\u00e2y tai bi\u1ebfn, ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa… nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. B\u1ee5i PM 10 ch\u1ec9 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, PM 5.0 s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn PM2.5. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i PM 0.1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch, len l\u1ecfi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n PM 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn PM 0.1 c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi virus, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u nh\u1ecf, c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u00f2a, khi ch\u00fang ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy hi\u1ec3m cao h\u01a1n. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nguy h\u1ea1i cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m khi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

TS Xavier Mari cho hay, ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng M\u00ea K\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed9i than) nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, mu\u1ed9i than t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. PM2.5 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a 5% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i, 5% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 5% c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch. V\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 2 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn cao h\u01a1n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. B\u1ee5i PM2.5 g\u00e2y ra 7,2 tri\u1ec7u ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1,b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong t\u00ednh theo km vu\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb 60 – 70.000 ca t\u1eed vong m\u1ed7i n\u0103m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn g\u1ea5p t\u1eeb 2 – 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo PGS.TS Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Nh\u1eadt Thanh, Khoa C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng tin, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, chuy\u00ean gia trong vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o 2018 Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 132\/180 qu\u1ed1c gia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn cao, s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y PM2.5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t chu\u1ea9n cao. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao h\u01a1n mi\u1ec1n Nam, khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n 1,49 l\u1ea7n. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo m\u00f9a, cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng h\u00e8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1eeb ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ed1t r\u01a1m r\u1ea1. Theo c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb 1990 – 2015 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0103ng, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u0169ng t\u0103ng\u2026 Theo c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea2O KH\u00c1NH<\/strong> ngu\u1ed3n: khoahocdoisong.vn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a – Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (khoahocdoisong.vn)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

khoahocdoisong.vn) – V\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 2 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn cao h\u01a1n t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 hay tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng. So v\u1edbi r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a, n\u00f3 nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 2 – 10 l\u1ea7n. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":25276,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25275"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29848,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25275\/revisions\/29848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}