{"id":25208,"date":"2020-06-03T14:49:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T07:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ttud.com.vn\/?p=25208"},"modified":"2021-11-09T20:17:18","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T13:17:18","slug":"pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-rac-thai-nguy-hai-kho-xu-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-rac-thai-nguy-hai-kho-xu-ly\/","title":{"rendered":"Pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(khoahocdoisong.vn) – Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"T\u1ea5m<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u00fai nilon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a>, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026 \u0111ang l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i  m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. Tuy v\u1eady, b\u00e0i to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin<\/a> n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra s\u1edbm. Theo GS.TSKH \u0110\u1eb7ng Kim Chi, H\u1ed9i B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 3 – 5 n\u0103m n\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nan gi\u1ea3i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong kho\u1ea3ng 5 – 10 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y, tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u00fai nilon m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd do l\u00e0 pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u00ec, cadmium v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, 3 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng g\u00e2y nguy h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IRENA) \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 78 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 250.000 t\u1ea5n cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2016. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi cao g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin c\u0169. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 20 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2034, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd cao g\u1ea5p 70 – 80 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 axit sunphuaric v\u00e0 kh\u00ed phosphine \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t d\u00e0y l\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua con s\u1ed1 10 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 800.000 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m: K\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c; khung nh\u00f4m; v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 ni\u00eam phong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o silicon \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ethylene \u2013 vinyl ecetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) ho\u1eb7c polyvinyl florua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo TS Ho\u00e0ng Trung H\u1ea3i, Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eaft ngang v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin th\u1ea3i ra qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1edbi, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o silicon trong t\u1ea5m pin th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p song song v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m pin quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00c0 B\u00ccNH <\/strong>ngu\u1ed3n: khoahocdoisong.vn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nguy h\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd – Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (khoahocdoisong.vn)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(khoahocdoisong.vn) – Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. Tr\u00e1nh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda t\u00fai nilon N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn\u2026 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":25209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25208"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29862,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25208\/revisions\/29862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casta.ttud.com.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}